This anthology stems from a 2014 conference at the University of Maryland, which focused on how American Jews provided material aid to Holocaust refugees during and after the Holocaust, and also how they began to cope with the catastrophe. This coping involved both an imagining and a re-imagining of “the old country,” a reevaluation of the places American Jews had left behind in more or less normal circumstances before the First World War but in increasingly desperate circumstances after 1918 and, again, after 1939. American Jews who had come to the United States before the 1920s maintained ties with their former communities in Central and Eastern Europe, ties that were fostered by efforts to remain in touch with family and friends and, more generally, with the world’s most populous Jewish communities. Those efforts were aided by the ...