A final note: Meditations on "both/and"

Note-to-note changes in brightness are able to influence the perception of interval size. Changes that are congruent with pitch tend to expand interval size, whereas changes that are incongruent tend to contract. In the case of singing, brightness of notes can vary as a function of vowel content. In the present study, we investigated whether note-to-note changes in brightness arising from vowel content influence perception of relative pitch. In Experiment 1, three-note sequences were synthesized so that they varied with regard to the brightness of vowels from note to note. As expected, brightness influenced judgments of interval size. Changes in brightness that were congruent with changes in pitch led to an expansion of perceived interval size. A follow-up experiment confirmed that the results of Experiment 1 were not due to pitch distortions. In Experiment 2, the final note of three-note sequences was removed, and participants were asked to make speeded judgments of the pitch contour. An analysis of response times revealed that brightness of vowels influenced contour judgments. Changes in brightness that were congruent with changes in pitch led to faster response times than did incongruent changes. These findings show that the brightness of vowels yields an extra-pitch influence on the perception of relative pitch in song.

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Free Radicals Generated in Rubber during Fracture

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3547461 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 445-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. L. DeVries

Keyword(s):

Failure Criteria ◽

Chain Scission ◽

Systematic Investigation ◽

Matrix Interaction ◽

Filled Elastomers ◽

Final Note ◽

Ozone Stress ◽

Type Of Failure ◽

Insight Into

Abstract EPR has been used to measure molecular phenomena during fracture of elastomers. To date, because of various technical limitations, the studies have been largely confined to identification of the polymer chain scission site during fracture at low temperature in rubbers, to studying ozone-stress-induced cracking of rubber, to development of a micro-macro Griffith-type failure criteria for this type of failure, and lastly to systematic investigation of the role of filler-matrix interaction in fracture of filled elastomers. It is hoped that the brief outline presented here will give the reader some insight into the uses and potential of the EPR methods for the study of fracture. As a final note, while we have concentrated almost totally on EPR fracture studies in rubbers, there has been fairly extensive EPR work on fracture in oriented plastic, fibers, and films. Even though some of this knowledge may be transferable, directly or indirectly, to elastomers, it has not been reviewed here, but important aspects of these studies have been reviewed elsewhere.

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A Final Note

Problem Solving for Process Operators and Specialists ◽

10.1002/9780470929247.ch15 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 315-316

Keyword(s):

Final Note

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