Tobacco Use, Income, and Educational Level

Abstract. We investigated the association between the education of informal caregivers’ (IC) and their physical and mental burden. We hypothesized that better-educated IC would have more resources available to manage the care situation and as a result show lower perceived burden. We conducted a population survey of 6,087 German residents aged 18+ years, 966 of whom reported to be IC. Results show that IC felt more often mentally than physically burdened. In the multivariate analyses, higher-educated IC did not have lower odds of feeling physically burdened than lower-educated IC, though they did have increased odds of feeling mentally burdened. The higher perceived mental burden of higher-educated IC may be related to fear of loss of self-fulfilment and autonomy. Support services should consider the mental burden of higher-educated IC and tailor their interventions accordingly.

Download Full-text

Item Bias Analysis of the Young Schema-Questionnaire for Psychopathology, Gender, and Educational Level

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000044 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Marleen M. Rijkeboer ◽

Huub van den Bergh ◽

Jan van den Bout

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Item Bias ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Dutch Population ◽

Bias Analysis ◽

Young Schema Questionnaire ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Item Level ◽

Schema Questionnaire

This study examines the construct validity of the Young Schema-Questionnaire at the item level in a Dutch population. Possible bias of items in relation to the presence or absence of psychopathology, gender, and educational level was analyzed, using a cross-validation design. None of the items of the YSQ exhibited differential item functioning (DIF) for gender, and only one item showed DIF for educational level. Furthermore, item bias analysis did not identify DIF for the presence or absence of psychopathology in as much as 195 of the 205 items comprising the YSQ. Ten items, however, spread over the questionnaire, were found to yield relatively inconsistent response patterns for patients and nonclinical participants.

Download Full-text