Zidovudine and the Natural History of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A 58-year-old woman from Zimbabwe, with a history of untreated human immunodeficiency virus, presented with leonine facies and a diffuse rash. The rash occurred in the context of a 1-year history of constitutional symptoms and cognitive decline. Laboratory investigations confirmed that her human immunodeficiency virus had progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Through imaging, tissue biopsies, and polymerase chain reaction, a diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was made. Since there was no history of travel and histoplasmosis is not locally endemic, the patient likely contracted this fungal infection more than 7 years ago, while living in Africa. We speculate that the histoplasmosis remained latent until her immune system began to decline. The work-up and management of this rare cutaneous presentation of a systemic disease, which should be added to the list of “great mimickers” in dermatology, are discussed.

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Natural history and prognosis of diarrhea of unknown cause in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

10.1016/s0016-5107(95)90001-2 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 496

Author(s):

Brian Fennert

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Lessons from the History of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Epidemic among Spanish Drug Injectors

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/377562 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (s5) ◽

pp. S410-S415 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

L. De la Fuente ◽

M. J. Bravo ◽

G. Barrio ◽

F. Parras ◽

M. Suárez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Drug Injectors ◽

History Of ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0071 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 197-212

Author(s):

Quarraisha Abdool Karim ◽

Urisha Singh ◽

Cheryl Baxter ◽

Salim S. Abdool Karim

Keyword(s):

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Sexual Transmission ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Antiretroviral Drugs ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

History Of ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Living With Hiv

This chapter traces the history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from its origins, remarkable scientific advances, and unprecedented global responses through to the current state of the epidemic, progress towards ending acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and remaining challenges. It explains the origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2, the development of a surveillance system, and the viral structure. It outlines different antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV infections, and current drug research. The prevention of both mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission is outlined, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. The development of modern technologies and social media to help people living with HIV is covered. Programmes to modify behaviour and reduce risk from injecting drug use are explained.

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