The objective of the chapter is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, energy challenges of India, and the sustainability through green growth strategy. The study is based on secondary data collected from energy outlook, integrated energy policy, world development indicators, and RBI database. Energy security and sustainable development are critical issues to ensure India's economic growth and its human development. Transport sector energy demand witnesses a noticeable increase, growing by almost three times, from 125 Mtoe in 2012 to about 360 Mtoe in 2018. India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources, and it has one of the largest programs in the world for deploying renewable energy products and systems. The share of oil has in particular fallen from 36% to 33%, while that of natural gas has increased from 23% to 24%, and that of renewable energy (including nuclear and large hydro) has gone up from 12.5% to 14% in the period 2005-15. There is urgent need to have proper integrated energy policy in India with emphasis more on renewable sources of energy.
