Topological features of the Sokolov integrable case on the Lie algebra so(3,1)

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1132
Author(s):  
D V Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Integrable Case ◽  
Topological Features

The topology of Liouville foliation for the Sokolov integrable case on the Lie algebra so(4)

2009 ◽  
Vol 200 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorbanali Haghighatdoost ◽  
Andrey A Oshemkov
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Integrable Case ◽  
Liouville Foliation

Imaging of platinum-shadowed macromolecular complexes in dark field

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
D.W. Andrews ◽  
F.P. Ottensmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Field Mode ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Projection Images

Shadowing with heavy metals has been used for many years to enhance the topological features of biological macromolecular complexes. The three dimensional features present in directionaly shadowed specimens often simplifies interpretation of projection images provided by other techniques. One difficulty with the method is the relatively large amount of metal used to achieve sufficient contrast in bright field images. Thick shadow films are undesirable because they decrease resolution due to an increased tendency for microcrystalline aggregates to form, because decoration artefacts become more severe and increased cap thickness makes estimation of dimensions more uncertain.The large increase in contrast provided by the dark field mode of imaging allows the use of shadow replicas with a much lower average mass thickness. To form the images in Fig. 1, latex spheres of 0.087 μ average diameter were unidirectionally shadowed with platinum carbon (Pt-C) and a thin film of carbon was indirectly evaporated on the specimen as a support.

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