The Land Ethic and the Earth Ethic(s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
J. Baird Callicott
Keyword(s):  
2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Dane Scott

AbstractThe ideal of an ecological community uniting humans to the earth is an important normative ideal in environmental ethics. In this paper I will briefly look at one of the more popular stories that provides the philosophical underpinnings for this ideal. This is the story told by Baird Callicott, through his interpretation of Leopold's land ethic. In the critical portion of this essay, I point to problems with this account. The goal is not to prove this story false, but to indicate its inadequacies. In the constructive portion, I will discuss the philosophical underpinnings for an alternative story for realizing the hoped-for ecological community from the perspective of the Judeo-Christian tradition. This alternative story relies on an account of moral agency found in the narrative ethics of Alasdair MacIntrye. But it also reclaims neglected insights from Josiah Royce. In this account a community narrative is required that formed through a dialogue between the scientifically informed idea of the ecological community and the Judeo-Christian narrative of creation.


1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.


1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.


1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.


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