Nazism and the Western Conscience

Mordecai Would Not Bow Down ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197538050.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 93-120

Author(s):

Timothy P. Jackson

Keyword(s):

Moral Responsibility ◽

Final Solution ◽

Bad Faith ◽

Mentally Impaired

I offer here a scale of moral responsibility applicable to members of the Nazi Reich during the Final Solution: (1) oblivious: totally unaware, simply out to lunch or mentally impaired concerning the Nazi attempted genocide of the Jews, invincibly ignorant and without bad faith; (2) bystanding: aware but mute and passive, perhaps in bad faith or denial, concerning the Nazi attempted genocide of the Jews; (3) complicit: aware and publicly and privately supportive of the Nazi attempted genocide of the Jews, but primarily verbally or symbolically; (4) aiding and abetting: aware and more than verbally supportive, actively assisting and participating in the Nazi attempted genocide of the Jews, but short of pulling the trigger or dropping the gas pellets or ordering the same; and (5) directly murderous unto abomination: actually pulling the trigger or dropping the gas pellets or ordering the same, so as knowingly to aim at destroying the Jews as a race and Judaism as a moral and religious creed; in the extreme, also to aim at destroying one’s own conscience.

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Existentialist ethics

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy ◽

10.4324/9780415249126-l024-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David E. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Moral Responsibility ◽

Moral Values ◽

Moral Life ◽

Personal Relationships ◽

Individual Freedom ◽

Bad Faith ◽

Moral Conduct ◽

Freedom And Responsibility

Central to existentialism is a radical doctrine of individual freedom and responsibility. On the basis of this, writers such as Sartre have offered an account of the nature of morality and also advanced proposals for moral conduct. Important in that account are the claims that (a) moral values are ‘created’ rather than ‘discovered’, (b) moral responsibility is more extensive than usually assumed, and (c) moral life should not be a matter of following rules. Existentialist proposals for conduct derive from the notion of authenticity, understood as ‘facing up’ to one’s responsibility and not ‘fleeing’ it in ‘bad faith’. Authenticity, many argue, entails treating other people so as to encourage a sense of freedom on their part, although there is disagreement as to the primary forms such treatment should take. Some have argued that we promote a sense of freedom through commitment to certain causes; others that this is best achieved through personal relationships.

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Revealing gross three-dimensional structure in the SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100127712 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 656-657

Author(s):

Sterling P. Newberry

Keyword(s):

Freeze Drying ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Small Object ◽

Final Solution ◽

Dimensional Representation ◽

X Ray ◽

Three Dimensional Representation ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Critical Point Drying

The beautiful three dimensional representation of small object surfaces by the SEM leads one to search for ways to open up the sample and look inside. Could this be the answer to a better microscopy for gross biological 3-D structure? We know from X-Ray microscope images that Freeze Drying and Critical Point Drying give promise of adequately preserving gross structure. Can we slice such preparations open for SEM inspection? In general these preparations crush more readily than they slice. Russell and Dagihlian got around the problem by “deembedding” a section before imaging. This some what defeats the advantages of direct dry preparation, thus we are reluctant to accept it as the final solution to our problem. Alternatively, consider fig 1 wherein a freeze dried onion root has a window cut in its surface by a micromanipulator during observation in the SEM.

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