This chapter proposes a new nonlinear model, called a log-linearized viscoelastic model, to estimate the dynamic characteristics of human arterial walls. The model employs mechanical impedance factors, including stiffness and viscosity, in beat-to-beat measured from biological signals such as arterial blood pressure and photoplethysmograms. The validity of the proposed method is determined by demonstrating how arterial wall impedance properties change during arm position testing in the vertical direction. The estimated stiffness indices are compared with those of the conventional linear model. Estimated impedance parameters with contribution ratios exceeding 0.97 were used for comparison. The results indicated that stiffness and viscosity decrease when the arm is raised and increase when it is lowered, in the same pattern as mean blood pressure. However, the changes seen in the proposed nonlinear viscoelastic parameter are smaller (P < 0.05) than those of the linear model. This result suggests that the proposed nonlinear arterial viscoelastic model is less affected by changes in mean intravascular pressure during arm position changes.