Factors Predicting Requirement of High-dose Transdermal Fentanyl in Opioid Switching From Oral Morphine or Oxycodone in Patients With Cancer Pain

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kanbayashi ◽  
Toyoshi Hosokawa ◽  
Kousuke Okamoto ◽  
Sawako Fujimoto ◽  
Hideyuki Konishi ◽  
...  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1419-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Clark ◽  
S. H. Ahmedzai ◽  
L. G. Allan ◽  
F. Camacho ◽  
G. L. A. Horbay ◽  
...  

Cancer ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 2866-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Benítez-Rosario ◽  
Manuel Feria ◽  
Antonio Salinas-Martín ◽  
Luis Pedro Martínez-Castillo ◽  
José Javier Martín-Ortega

2012 ◽  
Vol 5;15 (5;9) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Denis Dupoiron

Background: Ziconotide is a new analgesic agent administered intrathecally. It is challenging to use and can induce several and sometimes serious adverse events. A low initial dosage followed by slow titration may reduce serious adverse events. Objective: To determine whether a low starting dosage of ziconotide, followed by slow titration, decreases the incidence of major adverse events associated with ziconotide when used for intractable cancer pain. Study Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Three French cancer centers. Methods: Patients with incurable cancer causing chronic pain rated above 6/10 on a numerical scale while receiving high-dose opioid therapy (more than 200 mg/d of oral morphine equivalent) and/or exhibiting severe opioid-related adverse events received intrathecal infusions of ziconotide combined with morphine, ropivacaine, and clonidine. Results: Seventy-seven patients were included. Adverse events were recorded in 57% of them; moderate adverse events occurred in 51%. Adverse events required treatment discontinuation in 7 (9%) including 5 (6%) for whom a causal role for ziconotide was highly likely; among them 4 (5%) were serious. All patients experienced a significant and lasting decrease in pain intensity (by 48%) in response to intrathecal analgesic therapy that included ziconotide. Limitations: Limitations include the nonrandomized, observational nature of the study. Determining the relative contributions of each drug to adverse events was difficult, and some of the adverse events manifested as clinical symptoms of a subjective nature. Conclusions: The rates of minor and moderate adverse events were consistent with previous reports. However, the rate of serious adverse events was substantially lower. Our study confirms the efficacy of intrathecal analgesia with ziconotide for relieving refractory cancer pain. These results indicate that multimodal intrathecal analgesia in patients with cancer pain should include ziconotide from the outset in order to provide time for subsequent slow titration. Key words: Ziconotide, adverse events, intrathecal therapy, cancer pain, morphine, ropivacaine, clonidine.


Pain ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Donner ◽  
Michael Zenz ◽  
Michael Tryba ◽  
Michael Strumpf

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi L Lenz ◽  
Donna S Dunlap

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of a continuous fentanyl infusion in an adult cancer patient. CASE SUMMARY: A 66-year-old white woman diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma required hospital admission for pain control after receiving five different chemotherapy regimens. Morphine 2 mg/h iv was initiated and the dosage was titrated upward to a total of 6613 mg/d by hospital day 16. As hospital supplies of opioids became depleted over a holiday weekend, therapy was changed to a continuous infusion of hydromorphone 70 mg/h on hospital day 17, then changed to a continuous fentanyl infusion beginning with a dosage of 500 μg/h. The fentanyl dosage was titrated to 4250 μg/h by hospital day 20. She died comfortably on hospital day 22 while receiving this dosage. DISCUSSION: Continuous infusions of opioids, particularly morphine and hydromorphone, are frequently used for control of cancer pain and are safe and effective when administered by this route. Transdermal fentanyl has been shown to effectively manage chronic cancer pain, and use of continuous subcutaneous fentanyl has been reported. However, reports of continuous intravenous fentanyl infusion in the cancer pain literature are limited. Our patient achieved good pain control with a continuous infusion of fentanyl 4250 μg/h. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous fentanyl infusion should be considered for the treatment of cancer pain in patients requiring high doses who become refractory to other opioids, when other opioids cause intolerable adverse effects, when patients have a true morphine allergy, or when high-dose requirements threaten to deplete existing stock of alternate opioids. OBJETIVO: Describir el uso de una infusión continua de fentanilo en una paciente adulta con cáncer. RESUMEN DEL CASO: Una mujer paciente de 66 años de edad diagnosticada con carcinoma de páncreas metastático requirió hospitalización para controlar el dolor después de recibir cinco régimenes de quimioterapia diferentes. Morfina intravenosa a razón de 2 mg/h fue iniciada y titulada hasta alcanzar un total de 6600 mg de morfina/día al día 16 de hospitalización. Según las reservas de opioides del hospital se fueron agotando durante un fin de semana de fiesta, la paciente fue cambiada a una infusión continua de hidromorfona 70 mg/h el día 17 de hospitalización, y luego fue cambiada a una infusión continua de fentanilo comenzando con una dosis de 500 μg/h. La paciente fue titulada hasta alcanzar una dosis de fentanilo de 4250 μg/h al día 20 de hospitalización. La paciente murió confortablemente el día 22 de hospitalización mientras recibía esta dosis. DISCUSIÓN: Las infusiones continuas de opioides, particularmente morfina e hidromorfona, son usadas frecuentemente para el control del dolor de cáncer y son seguras y efectivas cuando se administraron por esta vía. Se ha demostrado que el fentanilo transdérmico controla efectivamente el dolor de cáncer crónico, y se ha reportado el uso continuo de fentanilo subcutáneo. Sin embargo, reportes en la literatura sobre dolor de cáncer con relación al uso de la infusión intravenosa continua de fentanilo son limitados. Esta paciente alcanzó buen control del dolor con una infusión continua de fentanilo a razón de 4250 μg/h. CONCLUSIONES: La infusión continua de fentanilo se debe considerar para el tratamiento del dolor de cáncer en pacientes con requisitos de dosis alta que se vuelven refractarios a otros opioides, cuando otros opioides ocasionan efectos secundarios intolerables, cuando el paciente padece de una alergia verdadera a morfina o cuando los requisitos de dosis alta amenazan con agotar el inventario existente de opioides alternos. OBJECTIF: Rapporter l'utilisation d'une perfusion continue de fentanyl chez un patient cancéreux. RÉSUMÉ DE CAS: Il s'agit d'une femme âgée de 66 ans atteinte d'un cancer du pancréas métastatique qui, après avoir reçu cinq protocoles différents de chimiothérapie, est hospitalisée pour le contrôle de sa douleur. Comme analgésique, elle reçoit de la morphine intraveineuse à une dose initiale de 2 mg/h qui est graduellement augmentée jusqu'à un total de 6600 mg de morphine par jour au jour 16 d'hospitalisation. Etant donné la diminution importante des réserves de narcotiques durant une fin de semaine, la morphine fut changée pour une perfusion continue d'hydromorphone 70 mg/h au jour 17 d'hospitalisation. Par la suite, la perfusion fut de nouveau changée pour une perfusion continue de fentanyl à une dose de 500 μg/h. La dose de fentanyl a du être progressivement augmentée jusqu'à 4250 μg/h au jour 20 afin d'obtenir un bon contrôle de la douleur. La patiente est décédée confortablement à cette dose au jour 22. DISCUSSION: Les perfusions continues d'analgésiques narcotiques, en particulier la morphine et l'hydromorphone, sont souvent utilisées pour le contrôle de la douleur cancéreuse et représentent une voie d'administration efficace et sécuritaire. Le fentanyl transdermique a démontré son efficacité dans le contrôle de la douleur cancéreuse chronique et l'usage du fentanyl en perfusion continue souscutanée est déjà connu. Cependant la littérature médicale est limitée quant à la perfusion intraveineuse continue dans la douleur cancéreuse. CONCLUSIONS: La perfusion continue de fentanyl doit être considéree pour le traitement de la douleur cancéreuse chez les patients nécessitant de fortes doses de narcotiques et qui, deviennent résistants aux autres analgésiques, lorsque les autres opiacés occasionnent des effets secondaires intolérables, en présence d'une vraie allergie à la morphine ou lorsque de très fortes doses d'opiacés menacent de réduire significativement les réserves existantes des autres narcotiques.


2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2765-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Mercadante ◽  
Gianpiero Porzio ◽  
Patrizia Ferrera ◽  
Federica Aielli ◽  
Claudio Adile ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Yvonne Bonomo ◽  
Amanda Norman ◽  
Lisa Collins ◽  
Helen O'Neill ◽  
Peter Galettis ◽  
...  

Aim This Phase I open label study examined pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of escalating doses of a combination cannabinoid medication (1:1 ratio THC:CBD) in patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) on high dose opioid analgesia. Methods Nine people with CNCP and oral morphine equivalent daily dose of ≥60mg were recruited. Blood concentrations of THC, 11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol (OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (COOH-THC) and CBD were assayed weekly. Concentrations were measured after a single dose of 2.5mg THC/2.5mg CBD up to 12.5mg THC/12.5mg CBD on Day 29. Follow-up was on Day 36 after 7 day washout. Secondary outcome data encompassed pain, mood, and sleep parameters. Results The parent THC, CBD, OH-THC, COOH-THC were detected at most time points. In general, the concentration of all analytes increased until 2 hours post-administration, decreasing to approximately pre-dose concentrations by 8 hrs. There was considerable inter- and intra-individual variability. The study medication was well tolerated. Eight participants reported at least one Adverse Event (AE), with a total of 62 AEs; most common were euphoric mood, headache, and agitation, none classified as severe. There was no significant change to pain severity self-ratings, nor use of pain medications. Improvements in pain interference scores, mood, and some sleep parameters were observed. Conclusion The THC:CBD formulation was tolerated well in a CNCP patient group. Between-participant variability supports personalized dosing and “start low-go slow” titration. Improvements in pain, mood, and sleep parameters suggest that on relatively low dosages clinical effects are apparent. To validate and quantify findings a comparison placebo group study is needed.


2020 ◽  
pp. 107815522092941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D Jackson ◽  
Rachel Wortzman ◽  
Debbie Chua ◽  
Debbie Selby

Opioid rotation from transdermal fentanyl to an alternate opioid is often necessitated in advanced disease, but is fraught with uncertainty due to variable absorption from the patch in end-stage illness and the lack of a clearly established opioid rotation ratio. The manufacturer of transdermal fentanyl provides opioid rotation recommendations only for rotation from the oral morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) of opioid to the patch, not in the opposite direction. This is a case report of a single patient with cancer and cachexia admitted to the palliative care unit of a large academic medical centre in Canada. The patient is a 50-year-old female with widely metastatic breast cancer who developed opioid toxicity when maintenance transdermal fentanyl patch therapy (100 μg patch applied every 72 h) was rotated to subcutaneous hydromorphone infusion to improve pain control. Hydromorphone was initiated at a rate of 1 mg/h by continuous infusion based on an opioid rotation ratio for transdermal fentanyl (μg/h):MEDD (mg/day) of 1:2.4. Opioid toxicity eventually resolved with downward titration of hydromorphone to only 30% of the initially estimated equianalgesic dose. This case highlights the need for close follow-up of all patients undergoing opioid rotation from transdermal fentanyl and reinforces the need to reduce the initial dose of the new opioid by 30%–50% of the calculated MEDD, especially when rotating from a high dose of transdermal fentanyl, or if there are factors potentially impairing absorption from the patch such as age, cachexia and weight loss, or if rotation is performed for reasons other than uncontrolled pain.


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