scholarly journals Spatial suppression in visual motion perception is driven by inhibition: evidence from MEG gamma oscillations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Orekhova ◽  
E.N. Rostovtseva ◽  
V.O. Manyukhina ◽  
A.O. Prokofiev ◽  
T.S. Obukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
School Age ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Surround Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Interactions

AbstractSpatial suppression (SS) is a visual perceptual phenomenon that is manifest in a reduction of directional sensitivity for drifting high-contrast gratings whose size exceeds the center of the visual field. Gratings moving at faster velocities induce stronger SS. The neural processes that give rise to such size- and velocity-dependent reductions in directional sensitivity are currently unknown, and the role of surround inhibition is unclear. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), large high-contrast drifting gratings induce a strong gamma response (GR), which also attenuates with an increase in the gratings’ velocity. It has been suggested that the slope of this GR attenuation is mediated by inhibitory interactions in the primary visual cortex. Herein, we investigate whether SS is related to this inhibitory-based MEG measure. We evaluated SS and GR in two independent samples of participants: school-age boys and adult women. The slope of GR attenuation predicted inter-individual differences in SS in both samples. Test-retest reliability of the neuro-behavioral correlation was assessed in the adults, and was high between two sessions separated by several days or weeks. Neither frequencies nor absolute amplitudes of the GRs correlated with SS, which highlights the functional relevance of velocity-related changes in GR magnitude caused by augmentation of incoming input. Our findings provide evidence that links the psychophysical phenomenon of SS to inhibitory-based neural responses in the human primary visual cortex. This supports the role of inhibitory interactions as an important underlying mechanism for spatial suppression.HighlightsThe role of surround inhibition in perceptual spatial suppression (SS) is debatedGR attenuation with increasing grating’s velocity may reflect surround inhibitionPeople with greater GR attenuation exhibit stronger SSThe neuro-behavioral correlation is replicated in school-age boys and adult womenThe surround inhibition in the V1 is an important mechanism underlying SS

scholarly journals Adaptive Integration in the Visual Cortex by Depressing Recurrent Cortical Circuits

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1847-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. W. van Rossum ◽  
Matthijs A. A. van der Meer ◽  
Dengke Xiao ◽  
Mike W. Oram
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Higher Visual Areas ◽  
Recurrent Connections

Neurons in the visual cortex receive a large amount of input from recurrent connections, yet the functional role of these connections remains unclear. Here we explore networks with strong recurrence in a computational model and show that short-term depression of the synapses in the recurrent loops implements an adaptive filter. This allows the visual system to respond reliably to deteriorated stimuli yet quickly to high-quality stimuli. For low-contrast stimuli, the model predicts long response latencies, whereas latencies are short for high-contrast stimuli. This is consistent with physiological data showing that in higher visual areas, latencies can increase more than 100 ms at low contrast compared to high contrast. Moreover, when presented with briefly flashed stimuli, the model predicts stereotypical responses that outlast the stimulus, again consistent with physiological findings. The adaptive properties of the model suggest that the abundant recurrent connections found in visual cortex serve to adapt the network's time constant in accordance with the stimulus and normalizes neuronal signals such that processing is as fast as possible while maintaining reliability.

The role of early visual experience in the development of spatial‐frequency preference in the primary visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Nishio ◽  
Kenji Hayashi ◽  
Ayako Wendy Ishikawa ◽  
Yumiko Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience

Self-organization and functional role of lateral connections and multisize receptive fields in the primary visual cortex

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Sirosh ◽  
Risto Miikkulainen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Self Organization

Role of Callosal Connections in the Representation of the Visual Field in the Primary Visual Cortex of the Cat

1987 ◽  
pp. 349-366
Author(s):  
G. Berlucchi ◽  
A. Antonini ◽  
G. G. Mascetti ◽  
G. Tassinari
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Callosal Connections

Functional postnatal development of the rat primary visual cortex and the role of visual experience: Dark rearing and monocular deprivation

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Fagiolini ◽  
Tommaso Pizzorusso ◽  
Nicoletta Berardi ◽  
Luciano Domenici ◽  
Lamberto Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Dark Rearing

A Potential Role of Auditory Induced Modulations in Primary Visual Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico A. C. Azevedo ◽  
Frederico A. C. Azevedo ◽  
Michael Ortiz-Rios ◽  
Frederico A. C. Azevedo ◽  
Michael Ortiz-Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Functional Modulation

A biologically relevant event is normally the source of multiple, typically correlated, sensory inputs. To optimize perception of the outer world, our brain combines the independent sensory measurements into a coherent estimate. However, if sensory information is not readily available for every pertinent sense, the brain tries to acquire additional information via covert/overt orienting behaviors or uses internal knowledge to modulate sensory sensitivity based on prior expectations. Cross-modal functional modulation of low-level auditory areas due to visual input has been often described; however, less is known about auditory modulations of primary visual cortex. Here, based on some recent evidence, we propose that an unexpected auditory signal could trigger a reflexive overt orienting response towards its source and concomitantly increase the primary visual cortex sensitivity at the locations where the object is expected to enter the visual field. To this end, we propose that three major functionally specific pathways are employed in parallel. A stream orchestrated by the superior colliculus is responsible for the overt orienting behavior, while direct and indirect (via higher-level areas) projections from A1 to V1 respectively enhance spatiotemporal sensitivity and facilitate object detectability.

Super resolution: Another computational role of short-range horizontal connection in the primary visual cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Sasaki ◽  
Shunji Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Horizontal Connection
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