Many healthcare providers integrate biometric recognition/verification schemes into patient identification or other information security systems. While overcoming the disadvantages of using passwords, PINs, and tokens which may be forgotten, or stolen, biometric systems are susceptible to spoofing attacks, or presentation attacks. Liveness detection is an effective mechanism used to defeat a presentation attack. This chapter focuses on voice liveness detection in automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems. The authors explain the spoofing attacks to ASV systems comprising impersonation, voice conversion, speech synthesis, and replay and then present four types of liveness detection (anti-spoofing) methods used to mitigate ASV spoofing attacks: challenge-response-based methods, acoustic feature-based methods, hardware-based methods, and multi-modal biometric-based methods. This chapter analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each kind of liveness detection method and proposes the possible application of voiceprint-based liveness detection schemes in the insulin pump system.
Speaker Verification Using Adapted Articulatory Feature-based Conditional Pronunciation Modeling
