Adaptive (Individualized) Web-based instruction provides mechanisms to individualize instruction for learners based on their individual needs. This chapter will discuss adaptive Web-based instruction, paying particular attention to (a) the implications of individual differences to Web-based instruction, (b) the adaptive methods that are available to designers and developers, and (c) the considerations for instruction design and development with adaptive Web-based instruction. The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide a framework to shape the development of future individualized Web-based instruction.