Endemic Kaposi's Sarcoma in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Seronegative Persons: Demonstration of Retrovirus-Like Particles in Cutaneous Lesions

1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klemens Rappersberger ◽  
Erwin Tschachler ◽  
Eva Zonzits ◽  
Reinhard Gillitzer ◽  
Angelos Hatzakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Intracellular Tat of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activates Lytic Cycle Replication of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Role of JAK/STAT Signaling

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 2401-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zeng ◽  
Xunhai Zhang ◽  
Zan Huang ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Shuihong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection significantly increases the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) occurrence in individuals infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV infection appears to be necessary but not sufficient for KS development without other cofactors. However, factors that facilitate KSHV to cause KS have not been well defined. Previously, we determined that human herpesvirus 6 was one of the cofactors that activated lytic cycle replication of KSHV. Here, we demonstrate that the Tat protein of HIV-1 is a potentially important factor in the pathogenesis of KS, as determined by production of lytic phase mRNA transcripts and viral proteins in BCBL-1 cells. Mechanistic studies showed ectopic expression of Tat induced the production of human interleukin-6 (huIL-6) and its receptor (huIL-6Ra) and activated STAT3 signaling. Neutralization of huIL-6 or huIL-6R or inhibition of STAT3 signaling enhanced the replication. In addition, IL-4/STAT6 signaling also partially contributed to Tat-induced KSHV replication. These findings suggest that Tat may participate in KS pathogenesis by inducing KSHV replication and increasing KSHV viral load. These data also suggest that JAK/STAT signaling may be of therapeutic value in AIDS-related KS patients.

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