PARTICIPATION AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES OF LABOUR MARKETS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAMBERT LAAN
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals Polish return migrants. Analysis of selected decision-making processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4 (178)) ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
Justyna Kijonka ◽  
Monika Żak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Depth Interviews

The scale and size of post-accession migration of Poles, especially to the British Isles, was surprising not only for the Polish side. The countries that opened their labour markets for the citizens of the new member states also failed to predict such a massive inflow of Polish nationals. Returning to the home country, however, does not get as much media attention as emigrating. This type of migration was not the subject of such heated discussions and analyses as emigration. The objective of the article is to sociologically describe the re-emigrants and answer questions concerning the motives for emigrating and returning, as well as how the emigration decision is assessed in retrospect. The paper is based on in-depth interviews conducted with individuals who had emigrated from Poland following the enlargement of the European Union and decided to return to their home country after a few years. Importantly, in order to detect readaptation problems, the respondents were selected from amongst those remigrants who had already been living in Poland for one to three years. The article shall present the results of these studies and the classifications of emigration, returns and remigrants.

„Społeczeństwo równoległe”? Organizacje polonijne w Irlandii

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
Galia Chimiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Migrant Organizations ◽  
First Contact

After the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, some countries opened their labour markets to citizens from the then new member states. This opportunity to seek gainful employment abroad eventually resulted in having the Polish diaspora become the largest ethnic minority in Ireland. That they were economic immigrants notwithstanding, some of the Poles who came to live in Ireland also got engaged in social activism. Many Polish newcomers’ first contact with the diaspora took place via the existing Polish migrant organizations and the Polish chaplaincy. The currently much larger and diverse sector of diaspora organizations keeps undergoing dynamic changes. The aim of this paper is to identify which model of self-organizing is enacted by this sector and whether it differs from the rest of the Polish community on the island as well as from the civic entities in Poland and Irish charities. Methodology-wise, the paper is based on an analysis of existing studies coupled with participant observation. It concludes that participation in institutionalized self-organization abroad differs from civic engagement in Poland and from Irish charities. Unlike the Polish community in this country, Polish grassroots entities in Ireland engage in diaspora activism.

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