Chapter 1: Development of Polynomial Extrapolation Methods

An evaluation study has been undertaken to assess the robustness of several published Pu self-absorption correction methods against variation in size, shape, density etc. for use in the gamma assay of nuclear waste. The correction methods studied are a numerical plutonium self absorption correction (PuSAC) technique, the Fleissner 2-line, Fleissner 3-line and Infinite Energy Extrapolation methods with both linear and polynomial extrapolation to 1/E = 0. The performance of these methods has been compared for a limited set of measured encapsulated PuO2 sources plus a range of modelled unencapsulated Pu lumps. An indication of the magnitude of the uncertainties of the numerical PuSAC method has been determined for cases of blind assays where the Pu material, shape and distribution are unknown with the aim of ultimately applying it to real waste. The importance of the range of Pu lumps used in the baseline modelled dataset has been examined. Data are presented to illustrate how the uncertainties in the method are affected by the shape, composition, density, number and mass distribution of Pu particles in a sample for a given modelled base dataset.

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Tensor Global Extrapolation Methods Using the n-Mode and the Einstein Products

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math8081298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1298

Author(s):

Alaa El Ichi ◽

Khalide Jbilou ◽

Rachid Sadaka

Keyword(s):

Tensor Products ◽

Qr Decomposition ◽

Efficient Implementation ◽

Systems Of Equations ◽

Extrapolation Methods ◽

Polynomial Extrapolation ◽

Non Linear ◽

Vector Matrix ◽

Global Extrapolation

In this paper, we present new Tensor extrapolation methods as generalizations of well known vector, matrix and block extrapolation methods such as polynomial extrapolation methods or ϵ-type algorithms. We will define new tensor products that will be used to introduce global tensor extrapolation methods. We discuss the application of these methods to the solution of linear and non linear tensor systems of equations and propose an efficient implementation of these methods via the global-QR decomposition.

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Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2000.sepoct03 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 4-5

Keyword(s):

Dorsal Column ◽

Persistent Pain ◽

Illness Behavior ◽

Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽

Objective Basis ◽

Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽

Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

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Fifth Edition: the New Standard

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2000.novdec01 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham ◽

James B. Talmage ◽

Leon H. Ensalada

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Medical Information ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Practical Application ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

Medical Evaluation ◽

Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

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