Biogeography and Mass Extinction: Extirpation and re-invasion of Normalograptus species (Graptolithina) in the Late Ordovician Palaeotropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Goldman ◽  
Charles E. Mitchell ◽  
Michael J. Melchin ◽  
Junxuan Fan ◽  
Shuang-Ye Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician

Hirnantia Fauna from the Condroz Inlier, Belgium: another case of a relict Ordovician shelly fauna in the Silurian?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Sofia Pereira ◽  
Jorge Colmenar ◽  
Jan Mortier ◽  
Jan Vanmeirhaeghe ◽  
Jacques Verniers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Hirnantia Fauna ◽  
And Sea Level

Abstract The end-Ordovician mass extinction, linked to a major glaciation, led to deep changes in Hirnantian–Rhuddanian biotas. The Hirnantia Fauna, the first of two Hirnantian survival brachiopod-dominated communities, characterizes the lower–mid Hirnantian deposits globally, and its distribution is essential to understand how the extinction took place. In this paper, we describe, illustrate, and discuss the first macrofossiliferous Hirnantia Fauna assemblage from Belgium, occurring in the Tihange Member of the Fosses Formation at Tihange (Huy), within the Central Condroz Inlier. Six fossiliferous beds have yielded a low-diversity, brachiopod-dominated association. In addition to the brachiopods (Eostropheodonta hirnantensis, Plectothyrella crassicosta, Hirnantia sp., and Trucizetina? sp.), one trilobite (Mucronaspis sp.), four pelmatozoans (Xenocrinus sp., Cyclocharax [col.] paucicrenulatus, Conspectocrinus [col.] celticus, and Pentagonocyclicus [col.] sp.), three graptolites (Cystograptus ancestralis, Normalograptus normalis, and ?Metabolograptus sp.), together with indeterminate machaeridians and bryozoans were identified. The graptolite assemblage, from the Akidograptus ascensus-Parakidograptus acuminatus Biozone, indicates an early Rhuddanian (Silurian) age, and thus, an unexpectedly late occurrence of a typical Hirnantia Fauna. This Belgian association may represent an additional example of relict Hirnantia Fauna in the Silurian, sharing characteristics with the only other known from Rhuddanian rocks at Yewdale Beck (Lake District, England), although reworking has not been completely ruled out. The survival of these Hirnantian taxa into the Silurian might be linked to delayed post-glacial effects of rising temperature and sea-level, which may have favored the establishment of refugia in these two particular regions that were paleogeographically close during the Late Ordovician–early Silurian.

Llandovery (early Silurian) crinoids from Hiiumaa Island, western Estonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1138-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Mark A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician

AbstractRhuddanian crinoid faunas are poorly known globally, making this new fauna from the Hilliste Formation of western Estonian especially significant. The Hilliste fauna is the oldest Silurian fauna known from the Baltica paleocontinent, thus this is the first example of the crinoid recovery fauna after the Late Ordovician mass extinction. Hiiumaacrinus vinni n. gen. n. sp., Protaxocrinus estoniensis n. sp., Eomyelodactylus sp., calceocrinids, and five holdfast types are reported here. Although the fauna has relatively few taxa, it is among the most diverse Rhuddanian faunas known. Similar to other Rhuddanian crinoid faunas elsewhere, the Hilliste crinoid fauna contains crinoids belonging the Dimerocrinitidae, Taxocrinidae, Calceocrinidae, and Myelodactylidae; most elements of the new fauna are quite small, perhaps indicative of the Lilliput Effect.

Late Ordovician mass extinction

2007 ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. T. Elewa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician

scholarly journals Ocean euxinia and climate change “double whammy” drove the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Geology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caineng Zou ◽  
Zhen Qiu ◽  
Simon W. Poulton ◽  
Dazhong Dong ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician

Concepts and analysis of mass extinction with the late Ordovician event as an example

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xu ◽  
Rong Jia‐Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician

Global carbon isotopic events associated with mass extinction and glaciation in the late Ordovician

1997 ◽  
Vol 132 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Marshall ◽  
Patrick J Brenchley ◽  
Paul Mason ◽  
George A Wolff ◽  
Ricardo A Astini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Global Carbon

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician

Geographic variation in turnover and recovery from the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Paleobiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Z. Krug ◽  
Mark E. Patzkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Global Extinction ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Extinction Events

AbstractUnderstanding what drives global diversity requires knowledge of the processes that control diversity and turnover at a variety of geographic and temporal scales. This is of particular importance in the study of mass extinctions, which have disproportionate effects on the global ecosystem and have been shown to vary geographically in extinction magnitude and rate of recovery.Here, we analyze regional diversity and turnover patterns for the paleocontinents of Laurentia, Baltica, and Avalonia spanning the Late Ordovician mass extinction and Early Silurian recovery. Using a database of genus occurrences for inarticulate and articulate brachiopods, bivalves, anthozoans, and trilobites, we show that sampling-standardized diversity trends differ for the three regions. Diversity rebounded to pre-extinction levels within 5 Myr in the paleocontinent of Laurentia, compared with 15 Myr or longer for Baltica and Avalonia. This increased rate of recovery in Laurentia was due to both lower Late Ordovician extinction rates and higher Early Silurian origination rates relative to the other continents. Using brachiopod data, we dissected the Rhuddanian recovery into genus origination and invasion. This analysis revealed that standing diversity in the Rhuddanian consisted of a higher proportion of invading taxa in Laurentia than in either Baltica or Avalonia. Removing invading genera from diversity counts caused Rhuddanian diversity to fall in Laurentia. However, Laurentian diversity still rebounded to pre-extinction levels within 10 Myr of the extinction event, indicating that genus origination rates were also higher in Laurentia than in either Baltica or Avalonia. Though brachiopod diversity in Laurentia was lower than in the higher-latitude continents prior to the extinction, increased immigration and genus origination rates made it the most diverse continent following the extinction. Higher rates of origination in Laurentia may be explained by its large size, paleogeographic location, and vast epicontinental seas. It is possible that the tropical position of Laurentia buffered it somewhat from the intense climatic fluctuations associated with the extinction event, reducing extinction intensities and allowing for a more rapid rebound in this region. Hypotheses explaining the increased levels of invasion into Laurentia remain largely untested and require further scrutiny. Nevertheless, the Late Ordovician mass extinction joins the Late Permian and end-Cretaceous as global extinction events displaying an underlying spatial complexity.

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