Cost Analysis Model: US versus Endometrial Biopsy in Evaluation of Peri- and Postmenopausal Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

In this study 100 biopsies were taken from the endometrium of childbearing women (18-50 yrs. of age) suffering from abnormal vaginal bleeding from Jan 2019-Dec 2019. Endometrial Biopsy (EB) is safe, an outpatient procedure, low cost, carries out without general anesthesia & the incidence of hemorrhage, infection & uterine perforation are less common than with D&C. EB is an alternative to dilatation & curette (D&C) for the evaluation of infertile & abnormal vaginal bleeding or dysmenorrheic patients. There are two main groups of causes to irregular vaginal bleeding. 1. Organic disease (74% of the cases), in this group there are obvious lesion such as, endometrial polyp, endometrial hyperplasia & chronic endometritis. The most common cause was endometrial hyperplasia 48%, it is commonly seen during the perimenopausal period (40-50yr). Less common causes include chronic endometritis 8%, hydatidiform mole 7%, and endometrial polyp 7%. 2. non-organic disease comprises 19% of all cases, anovulatory period 13% or Luteal phase insufficiency 6%. They are commonly seen from age of 18-40yrs. 6% of the cases found to have normal endometrium. 5 endometrial biopsies were inadequate & unsatisfactory for histopathological interpretation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness & disadvantages of EB & to compare it with the traditional method of endometrial curette.

Download Full-text

ENDOMETRIAL STUDY OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING IN WOMEN AT 45 YEARS AND ABOVE

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.798 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 42 (146) ◽

pp. 83-85

Author(s):

Ganesh Dangal

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽

The Elderly ◽

Endometrial Biopsy ◽

Uterine Bleeding ◽

Perimenopausal Women ◽

Abnormal Bleeding ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

ABSTRACTThe study is done to know the causes for the abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women atChitwan valley and to compare the histopathological findings between the pre-menopausal andpostmenopausal women. Retrospective analysis of patients who have had abnormal bleeding during a periodof one and a half years' from January 2000 to June 2001 in Department of Gynaecological Oncology of BPKoirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), Chitwan, Nepal. There were total sixty women (aged 45years and above) having abnormal bleeding managed at BPKMCH. A total of sixty patients were studied.Majority (57%) of them was postmenopausal ladies presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. The agerange was 45 to 81 years. Only 37% had pathological bleeding including malignancies and only about 17%had malignancies. Malignant diseases were found in 7.7% cases in the pre-menopausal ladies whereas itwas 23.4%, almost three times higher, in the post-menopausal ladies. Carcinoma of the cervix and of theendometrium occurred with increasing frequency with increasing age in this study. So, a thorough work-upis needed for the elderly women presenting with an abnormal vaginal bleeding especially to rule outmalignancies.Key Words: endometrial biopsy, endometrial cancer, postmenopausal bleeding.

Download Full-text

Abnormal vaginal bleeding in women with gynaecological malignancies

Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.09.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 134-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tracey Adams ◽

Lynette Denny

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

Gynaecological Malignancies ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Download Full-text

A cost-analysis model for anticoagulant treatment in the hospital setting

Journal of Medical Economics ◽

10.3111/13696998.2014.914032 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 492-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samir H. Mody ◽

Lynn Huynh ◽

Daisy Y. Zhuo ◽

Kevin N. Tran ◽

Patrick Lefebvre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Anticoagulant Treatment ◽

Analysis Model

Download Full-text

An optimal scheduling policy for upgraded software with updates

International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management ◽

10.1108/ijqrm-04-2021-0092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Adarsh Anand ◽

Subhrata Das ◽

Mohini Agarwal ◽

Shinji Inoue

Keyword(s):

Cost Analysis ◽

Optimization Model ◽

Real Life ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Release Time ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Content Type ◽

Software Upgrades ◽

Stop Time ◽

Combined Use

PurposeIn the current market scenario, software upgrades and updates have proved to be very handy in improving the reliability of the software in its operational phase. Software upgrades help in reinventing working software through major changes, like functionality addition, feature enhancement, structural changes, etc. In software updates, minor changes are undertaken which help in improving software performance by fixing bugs and security issues in the current version of the software. Through the current proposal, the authors wish to highlight the economic benefits of the combined use of upgrade and update service. A cost analysis model has been proposed for the same.Design/methodology/approachThe article discusses a cost analysis model highlighting the distinction between launch time and time to end the testing process. The number of bugs which have to be catered in each release has been determined which also consists of the count of latent bugs of previous version. Convolution theory has been utilized to incorporate the joint role of tester and user in bug detection into the model. The cost incurred in debugging process was determined. An optimization model was designed which considers the reliability and budget constraints while minimizing the total debugging cost. This optimization was used to determine the release time and testing stop time.FindingsThe proposal is backed by real-life software bug dataset consisting of four releases. The model was able to successfully determine the ideal software release time and the testing stop time. An increased profit is generated by releasing the software earlier and continues testing long after its release.Originality/valueThe work contributes positively to the field by providing an effective optimization model, which was able to determine the economic benefit of the combined use of upgrade and update service. The model can be used by management to determine their timelines and cost that will be incurred depending on their product and available resources.

Download Full-text

Menstrual Irregularities: Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

The MassGeneral Hospital for Children Adolescent Medicine Handbook ◽

10.1007/978-1-4419-6845-6_13 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 91-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mark A. Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

Menstrual Irregularities ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Download Full-text

Angiographic features and transarterial embolization of retained placenta with abnormal vaginal bleeding

CVIR Endovascular ◽

10.1186/s42155-021-00265-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ryo Takaji ◽

Hiro Kiyosue ◽

Miyuki Maruno ◽

Norio Hongo ◽

Ryuichi Shimada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

Transarterial Embolization ◽

Recurrent Bleeding ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Technical Success ◽

Retained Placenta ◽

Vascular Channel ◽

Abnormal Bleeding ◽

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Abstract Objectives To clarify characteristic angiographic features and clinical efficacy of selective transarterial embolization (TAE) of retained placenta with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Methods The study cohort comprised 22 patients (mean age, 33.5 years; range, 22–24 years) who underwent selective TAE for retained placenta with abnormal bleeding between January 2018 and December 2020 at our institution. Angiographic images were reviewed by two certified radiologists with consensus. Medical records were reviewed to evaluate the efficacy of TAE. Angiographic features of retained placenta, technical success (disappearance of abnormal findings on angiography), complications, clinical outcomes (hemostatic effects and recurrent bleeding) were evaluated. Results Pelvic angiography showed a dilated vascular channel mimicking arteriovenous fistulas or an aneurysm contiguous with dilated uterine arteries in the mid-arterial–capillary phase in 20 patients; it showed contrast brush in the remaining two patients. TAE technical success was achieved in all patients. No major complications were observed in any patients. Fifteen patients were followed up with expectant management after TAE; all but one patient showed no re-bleeding during the follow-up period (mean follow-up interval, 3.4 months; range, 1–17 months). One patient showed minor rebleeding, which resolved spontaneously. Seven patients underwent scheduled hysteroscopic resection within 1 week after TAE, and no excessive bleeding was observed during or after the surgical procedure in all seven patients. Conclusions The characteristic angiographic feature of retained placenta is “dilated vascular channel that mimic low flow AVM.” TAE is a safe and effective treatment to manage retained placenta with abnormal bleeding.

Download Full-text