scholarly journals ADHD, ODD, and CD: Do They Belong to a Common Psychopathological Spectrum? A Case Series

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayanti Ghosh ◽  
Mausumi Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Past History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shared Risk

Purpose of Research. Numerous studies have reported comorbidities, overlapping symptoms, and shared risk factors among cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). We present three adolescent males aged 13–16 years with conduct disorder having past history of ADHD and ODD.Principal Result. The symptom profile especially in domains of aggression, hostility, and emotionality as well as the manner of progression from ADHD to ODD and CD in the above cases shows a similar pattern.Conclusion. These common developmental pathways and overlapping symptoms suggest the possibility of a common psychopathological spectrum encompassing the three externalizing disorders.

Emotion Dysregulation and Externalizing Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Shader ◽  
Theodore P. Beauchaine
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
And Function

As described in the literature for many years, a sizable number of children with hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes/presentations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—especially males—progress to more serious externalizing syndromes across development. Such outcomes include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct problems, delinquency, substance use disorders, and in some cases antisocial personality disorder, incarceration, and recidivism. This chapter summarizes a developmental model that emphasizes different contributions of trait impulsivity, a highly heritable, subcortically mediated vulnerability, versus emotion dysregulation, a highly socialized, cortically mediated vulnerability, to externalizing progression. According to this perspective, trait impulsivity confers vulnerability to all externalizing disorders, but this vulnerability is unlikely to progress beyond ADHD in protective environments. In contrast, for children who are reared under conditions of adversity—including poverty, family violence, deviant peer influences, and neighborhood violence/criminality—neurodevelopment of prefrontal cortex structure and function is compromised, resulting in failures to achieve age-expected gains in emotion regulation and other forms of executive control. For these children, subcortical vulnerabilities to trait impulsivity are amplified by deficient cortical modulation, which facilitates progression along the externalizing spectrum.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Its Clinical Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Croarkin ◽  
Reem Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Mood Dysregulation

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder classified in the DSM-5 among disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorder. The core features of ODD include a pervasive and impairing pattern of anger, irritability, inflexibility, defiance, malevolence, and aggression. Symptoms of ODD typically present during preschool. ODD can be a harbinger of conduct disorder. Isolated, transient symptoms of ODD are normal during development. Mood disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and neurodevelopmental disorders are important considerations in differential diagnosis. However, ODD frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric diagnoses. Complex interactions with temperamental emotional dysregulation, family stress, early life stress, inconsistent parenting, and genetic and physiologic factors likely underlie the risk, pathophysiology, and prognosis of ODD. Unfortunately, these interactions and the neurobiological underpinnings of ODD are still poorly characterized. Although first-line treatments for ODD involve behavioral and psychosocial interventions, a thoughtful consideration of pharmacotherapy for co-occurring disorders and severe symptoms is an important component of treatment planning. Herein we review the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment planning of ODD. Recent applicable controversies such as dimensional conceptualization of psychiatric disorders and the potential intersection of ODD and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder are also summarized.  This review contains 5 figures, 4 tables, and 44 references. Key words: aggression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, defiance, disruptive behaviors, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, DSM-5, irritability, oppositional defiant disorder, parent management training

Language Disabilities of Antisocial Boys in Residential Treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genese Warr-Leeper ◽  
Nancy A. Wright ◽  
Alison Mack
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Residential Treatment ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Language Disabilities ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

This article describes the language abilities of 20 boys aged 10 to 13 1/2 years who were admitted to residential treatment because of their significant and persistent antisocial behavior. Primary DSM-III-R diagnoses included oppositional/defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Of these boys, 80% carried the additional diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The majority of subjects were found to have significant language impairments that had not been identified when they entered residential treatment. Implications of the present findings for assessment and treatment are outlined.

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