The ideas of conservative modernization of Russian society are currently very relevant. However, the concept of «conservatism» in modern discourse is very ambiguous, and most importantly, not fully relevant to the complex of domestic socio-political and religious-philosophical ideas that have developed since the existence of the Old Russian state. A much more precise definition in this regard is the concept of “Khranitel’stvo”, which organically developed in the Russian tradition almost until the end of the 19th century and which is a unique and original phenomenon of the intellectual culture of Russia. On the basis of large historical and theoretical material, the authors of the monograph study the ideological origins, essence and evolution of «Khranitel’stvo» as a specific socio-political direction of Russian thought.