Application: Matrix calculus and differential equations

2018 ◽  
pp. 424-450
Author(s):  
Karlheinz Spindler
Author(s):  
Dimitrinka Vladeva

It is well known that if [Formula: see text] is a derivation in semiring [Formula: see text], then in the semiring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] matrices over [Formula: see text], the map [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for any matrix [Formula: see text] is a derivation. These derivations are used in matrix calculus, differential equations, statistics, physics and engineering and are called hereditary derivations. On the other hand (in sense of [Basic Algebra II (W. H. Freeman & Company, 1989)]) [Formula: see text]-derivation in matrix semiring [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-linear map [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. We prove that if [Formula: see text] is a commutative additively idempotent semiring any [Formula: see text]-derivation is a hereditary derivation. Moreover, for an arbitrary derivation [Formula: see text] the derivation [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is of a special type, called inner derivation (in additively, idempotent semiring). In the last section of the paper for a noncommutative semiring [Formula: see text] a concept of left (right) Ore elements in [Formula: see text] is introduced. Then we extend the center [Formula: see text] to the semiring LO[Formula: see text] of left Ore elements or to the semiring RO[Formula: see text] of right Ore elements in [Formula: see text]. We construct left (right) derivations in these semirings and generalize the result from the commutative case.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Francesco Aldo Costabile ◽  
Maria Italia Gualtieri ◽  
Anna Napoli

An approach to general bivariate Appell polynomials based on matrix calculus is proposed. Known and new basic results are given, such as recurrence relations, determinant forms, differential equations and other properties. Some applications to linear functional and linear interpolation are sketched. New and known examples of bivariate Appell polynomial sequences are given.


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