A review of dental cone-beam CT dose conversion coefficients

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the literature to examine the usage and magnitude of effective dose conversion factors (DCE) for dental cone beam CT (CBCT) scanners. Methods: A PubMed literature search for publications relating to radiation dosimetry in dental radiography was performed. Papers were included if they reported DCE, or reported ICRP 103 effective dose and dose-area product. 71 papers relating to dental CBCT dosimetry were found, of which eight reported effective dose conversion factors or provided enough information to calculate dose conversion factors. Scanner model, effective dose, dose-area product, tube voltage, field of view size and DCE were extracted from the papers for analysis. Results: DCE values ranged from 0.035 to 0.31 µSv/mGy-cm2 with a mean of 0.129 µSv/mGy-cm2 (SD = 0.056). When categorized into small (<100 cm2), medium (100–225 cm2) and large (>225 cm2) fields of view (FOV), linear fits to the effective dose and dose-area product yielded slopes of 0.129, 0.111 and 0.074 µSv/mGy-cm2 for small, medium and large FOVs respectively. Conclusion: The range of reported DCE values and spread with respect to field of view category suggests that DCE values that depend on FOV would provide more accurate effective dose estimates. Tube voltage was found to be a smaller factor in determining DCE. Reasonable values for DCE taking into account FOV size were obtained. There is considerable room for more work to be done to examine the behaviour of DCE with changes to patient age and dental CBCT imaging parameters.

Download Full-text

Estimation of the radiation dose for dental spectral cone-beam CT

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology ◽

10.1259/dmfr.20200372 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 20200372

Author(s):

Kaan Orhan ◽

Ruben Pauwels ◽

Yi Chen ◽

Dandan Song ◽

Reinhilde Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Dose Area Product ◽

Ion Chamber ◽

Effective Doses ◽

Artefact Reduction ◽

Area Product ◽

Dose Measurements

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the radiation dose for a dental spectral cone-beam CT (SCBCT) unit at different scanning parameters. Methods: Radiation dose measurements were performed for a commercially available dental SCBCT. Scans were obtained at different exposure times and fields of view (FOV), both for non-spectral (25 × 18 cm, 14 × 18 cm, 14 × 12 cm, 9 × 9 cm, 6 × 6 cm) and spectral modes (14 × 18 cm, 14 × 12 cm, 9 × 9 cm, 6 × 6 cm) with the tube voltage alternating between 80 and 110 kV for spectral mode, and fixed at 110 kV for non-spectral mode. An ion chamber was used for air kerma and dose area product (DAP) measurements. The effective dose was estimated based on the mAs using previously published logarithmic curves for CBCT units with a similar X-ray spectrum. Results: The adult effective dose, in non-spectral mode, was 44-269µSv for small FOVs, 131-336µSv for the medium FOV, and 163-476µSv for the large FOV. In spectral mode, the estimated adult effective doses were 96-206µSv for small, 299µSv for medium and 372µSv for large FOV protocols. Pediatric effective doses were estimated to be 75% higher than corresponding adult doses. Conclusion: SCBCT showed comparable doses with other CBCT devices, but DAP values were generally above currently published DRLs. Spectral imaging might allow for artefact reduction at comparable dose levels, which should be assessed in further image quality studies at both a technical and diagnostic level.

Download Full-text

Dose-area product measurements and determination of conversion coefficients for the estimation of effective dose in dental lateral cephalometric radiology

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncm143 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 181-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

H. K. Looe ◽

F. Eenboom ◽

N. Chofor ◽

A. Pfaffenberger ◽

M. Sering ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Dose Area Product ◽

Conversion Coefficients ◽

Area Product

Download Full-text

Effective doses from panoramic radiography and CBCT (cone beam CT) using dose area product (DAP) in dentistry

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology ◽

10.1259/dmfr.20130439 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 20130439 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

H S Shin ◽

K C Nam ◽

H Park ◽

H U Choi ◽

H Y Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Panoramic Radiography ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Dose Area Product ◽

Effective Doses ◽

Area Product

Download Full-text

A preliminary study to determine the diagnostic reference level using dose–area product for limited-area cone beam CT

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology ◽

10.1259/dmfr.20120097 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 20120097 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A Endo ◽

T Katoh ◽

SB Vasudeva ◽

I Kobayashi ◽

T Okano

Keyword(s):

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Reference Level ◽

Limited Area ◽

Diagnostic Reference Level ◽

Dose Area Product ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Area Product

Download Full-text

ESTIMATION OF ORGAN DOSES AND EFFECTIVE DOSES BASED ON IN-PHANTOM DOSIMETRY FOR PAEDIATRIC DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERISATION

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncy298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 185 (2) ◽

pp. 215-221

Author(s):

Toshio Kawasaki ◽

Masami Sakakubo ◽

Kanako Ito ◽

Ai Kitagawa

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Cardiac Catheterization ◽

Organ Doses ◽

Conversion Factors ◽

Dose Area Product ◽

Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization ◽

Pediatric Dosimetry ◽

Effective Doses ◽

Area Product ◽

Cardiac Catheterizations

Abstract The present study evaluated the organ doses, effective doses and conversion factors from the dose–area product to effective dose in pediatric diagnostic cardiac catheterization performed by in-phantom dosimetry and Monte Carlo simulation. The organ and effective doses in 5-y-olds during diagnostic cardiac catheterizations were evaluated using radiophotoluminescence glass dosemeters implanted into a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom and PCXMC software. The mean effective dose was 3.8 mSv (range: 1.8–7.5 mSv). The conversion factors from the dose–area product to effective dose were 0.9 and 1.6 mSv (Gy cm2)−1 for posteroanterior and lateral fluoroscopy, respectively, and 0.9 and 1.5 mSv (Gy cm2)−1 for posteroanterior and lateral cineangiography, respectively. Effective doses evaluated using the pediatric dosimetry system agreed with those obtained using PCXMC software within 12%. The dose data and conversion factors evaluated may guide the estimation of exposure doses in children undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization.

Download Full-text

ESTIMATION OF ORGAN DOSES AND EFFECTIVE DOSES BASED ON IN-PHANTOM DOSIMETRY FOR INFANT DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERISATIONS WITH NOVEL X-RAY IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncy174 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 183 (4) ◽

pp. 529-534

Author(s):

Toshio Kawasaki ◽

Masami Sakakubo ◽

Kanako Ito

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Cardiac Catheterisation ◽

Organ Doses ◽

Conversion Factors ◽

X Ray ◽

Dose Area Product ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Effective Doses ◽

The Mean ◽

Area Product

Abstract The present study evaluated the organ and effective doses in infant diagnostic cardiac catheterisation performed using a modern x-ray imaging unit by in-phantom dosimetry. In addition, conversion factors from dose–area product (DAP) to effective dose were determined. The organ and effective doses in 1-year old during diagnostic cardiac catheterisations were measured using radiophotoluminescence glass dosemeters implanted into an infant anthropomorphic phantom. The mean effective doses, evaluated according to the International Commission on Radiologic Protection Publication 103, were 4.0 mSv (range: 1.5–8.7 mSv). The conversion factors from DAP to effective dose were 2 and 3.5 mSv (Gy cm2)−1 for posteroanterior and lateral fluoroscopy, respectively, and 1.8 and 3.3 mSv (Gy cm2)−1 for posteroanterior and lateral cineangiography, respectively. The dose data and conversion factors evaluated in the present study may be useful for estimating radiation exposure in infants during diagnostic cardiac catheterisation.

Download Full-text

Radiation exposure during TACE procedures using additional cone-beam CT (CBCT) for guidance: safety and precautions

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185118761203 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 (11) ◽

pp. 1277-1284 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M Jonczyk ◽

F Collettini ◽

D Geisel ◽

D Schnapauff ◽

G Böning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Exposure ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Digital Subtraction ◽

Dose Area Product ◽

Additional Radiation ◽

Ethiodized Oil ◽

The Mean ◽

Area Product ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Background During transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be used for tumor and feeding vessel detection as well as postembolization CT imaging. However, there will be additional radiation exposure from CBCT. Purpose To evaluate the additional dose raised through CBCT-assisted guidance in comparison to TACE procedures guided with pulsed digital subtraction angiography (DSA) alone. Material and Methods In 70 of 140 consecutive patients undergoing TACE for liver cancer, CBCT was used to facilitate the TACE. Cumulative dose area product (DAP), cumulative kerma(air), DAP values of DSA, total and cine specific fluoroscopy times (FT) of 1375 DSA runs, and DAP of 91 CBCTs were recorded and analyzed using Spearman's correlation, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results Additional CBCT increased DAP by 2% ( P = 0.737), kerma(air) by 24.6% ( P = 0.206), and FT by 0.02% ( P = 0.453). Subgroup analysis revealed that postembolization CBCT for detection of ethiodized oil deposits added more DAP to the procedure. Performing CBCT-assisted TACE, DSA until first CBCT contributed about 38% to the total DAP. Guidance CBCT acquisitions conduced to 6% of the procedure's DAP. Additional DSA for guidance after CBCT acquisition required approximately 46% of the mean DAP. The last DSA run for documentation purposes contributed about 10% of the DAP. Conclusion CBCT adds radiation exposure in TACE. However, the capability of CBCT to detect vessels and overlay in real-time during fluoroscopy facilitates TACE with resultant reduction of DAPs up to 46%.

Download Full-text

CONE BEAM CT IN DENTAL IMPLANT PLANNING: HOW CLOSE ARE PATIENT DOSIMETRY RESULTS WITH DATA FROM PHANTOM STUDIES FOUND IN LITERATURE?

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncz169 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

S Kottou ◽

A Zapros ◽

N Stefanopoulou ◽

N Krompas ◽

V Tsapaki

Keyword(s):

Radiation Exposure ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Study Patient ◽

Tube Voltage ◽

Voxel Size ◽

Phantom Studies ◽

Area Product ◽

Patient Radiation Exposure

Abstract Advantages of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) include high-quality 3D imaging and reduced radiation exposure with relatively low cost. In this study, patient radiation exposure in CBCT implant planning dentistry was measured in terms of Kerma Area Product (KAP). Data were obtained from 217 CBCT scans on 168 individuals using a CS9300 Carestream system. Scans were made using 80–90 kVp, 4–5 mA, 8 and 13.3 s exposure time (depending on voxel size) and a fixed field of view (FOV) of 10 × 10 cm2 (medium). Mean KAP was estimated using two voxel sizes 180 × 180 × 180 μm3 and 200 × 200 × 200 μm3 and found to be 399 and 314 mGycm2, respectively. Corresponding KAP values found in literature ranged between 210 and 2140 mGycm2. Mean E was estimated using conversion coefficient factors found in literature, according to FOV size and tube voltage value and found to range between 24 and 161 μSv.

Download Full-text