The Amazons: Lives Legends of Warrior Women Across the Ancient World by Adrienne Mayor

2015 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
TammyJo Eckhart
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Mayor ◽  
Débora Martins
Keyword(s):  

Adrienne Mayor revela em The Amazons. Lives & Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World, novas hipóteses sobre as mulheres de carne e osso das estepes que o mundo clássico conheceu como amazonas, para mostrar que essas guerreiras não eram apenas o fruto da imaginação helênica. Combinando a análise dos mitos com as tradições da estepe e a arqueologia da Eurásia, este livro é a primeira contribuição abrangente para o estudo das Amazonas. O capítulo traduzido (Skin: tattooed Amazons) analisa, em particular, as tatuagens de formas geométricas e zoomórficas das Amazonas. Primeiro, são consideradas as tatuagens com as quais as Amazonas estão representadas em vários vasos gregos, onde os pintores costumavam provocar seus espectadores entrelaçando mitos com realidades sociais. Adrienne Mayor também analisa referências textuais, onde no pensamento grego, as tatuagem eram marcas de degradação, ao invés de símbolos de nobreza, coragem e beleza. Finalmente, a Arqueologia também oferece evidências e as descobertas feitas pelo Museu Hermitage de tatuagens em múmias congeladas da antiga Cítia. A conclusão é que as tatuagens acentuam seus músculos e movimentos, chamando atenção para força, atletismo e sexualidade das mulheres, mas também eram uma forma de comunicação.


Afghanistan ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-173
Author(s):  
Sara Peterson

Among the six excavated burials at Tillya-tepe, in northern Afghanistan, was one occupied by an elite woman wearing a substantial necklace consisting of large gold beads shaped as seed-heads. The scale and fine workmanship of this necklace suggest that it was one of her most important possessions. It can be demonstrated that these large seed-heads are representations of poppy capsules, whose significance lies in the fact that they are the source of the potent drug opium. This necklace is the most outstanding object within a group of items decorated with poppy imagery, all of which were discovered in female burials. The opium poppy has long been a culturally important plant, and the implication of this identification is investigated in several contexts. Firstly, the proliferation of poppy imagery in the female burials at Tillya-tepe is examined, and then there is a discussion of material evidence for opium among relevant peoples along the Eurasian steppes. The particular cultural importance of opium is reviewed, leading finally to a proposal for the societal role of these women.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Anne Katrine De Hemmer Gudme

This article investigates the importance of smell in the sacrificial cults of the ancient Mediterranean, using the Yahweh temple on Mount Gerizim and the Hebrew Bible as a case-study. The material shows that smell was an important factor in delineating sacred space in the ancient world and that the sense of smell was a crucial part of the conceptualization of the meeting between the human and the divine.  In the Hebrew Bible, the temple cult is pervaded by smell. There is the sacred oil laced with spices and aromatics with which the sanctuary and the priests are anointed. There is the fragrant and luxurious incense, which is burnt every day in front of Yahweh and finally there are the sacrifices and offerings that are burnt on the altar as ‘gifts of fire’ and as ‘pleasing odors’ to Yahweh. The gifts that are given to Yahweh are explicitly described as pleasing to the deity’s sense of smell. On Mount Gerizim, which is close to present-day Nablus on the west bank, there once stood a temple dedicated to the god Yahweh, whom we also know from the Hebrew Bible. The temple was in use from the Persian to the Hellenistic period (ca. 450 – 110 BCE) and during this time thousands of animals (mostly goats, sheep, pigeons and cows) were slaughtered and burnt on the altar as gifts to Yahweh. The worshippers who came to the sanctuary – and we know some of them by name because they left inscriptions commemorating their visit to the temple – would have experienced an overwhelming combination of smells: the smell of spicy herbs baked by the sun that is carried by the wind, the smell of humans standing close together and the smell of animals, of dung and blood, and behind it all as a backdrop of scent the constant smell of the sacrificial smoke that rises to the sky.


Author(s):  
Nikolaus Leo Overtoom

From minor nomadic tribe to major world empire, the story of the Parthians’ success in the ancient world is nothing short of remarkable. In their early history, the Parthians benefited from strong leadership, a flexible and accommodating cultural identity, and innovative military characteristics that allowed them to compete against and indeed eventually overcome Greek, Persian, Central Asian, and eventually Roman rivals who were often more powerful. Reign of Arrows provides the first comprehensive study dedicated entirely to early Parthian history within the Hellenistic world prior to contact with Rome and the first comprehensive effort since 1938 to evaluate early Parthian political history. It is a major effort to synthesize a wide array of especially recent scholarship across numerous fields of study in order to present the reader with the most cogent, well-rounded, and up-to-date account of the intersections of Hellenistic and Parthian history possible. It draws on a wide variety of sources to explain the political and military encounters that shaped the international environment of the Hellenistic Middle East from the middle third to the early first centuries BCE. This study treats broader issues of international relations in the ancient world, state decision-making, royal identity and ideology, evolving spatial perspectives and power relations, and state security concerns. It combines traditional historical approaches, such as source criticism and the integration of material evidence, with the incorporation of modern international relations theory to better examine the rise of the Parthians to dominance over the ancient Middle East.


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