Abstract
Aims
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) implantation in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction improves survival by reducing mortality secondary to arrhythmic events. Whether advanced HF patients treated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) derive similar benefit is controversial.
Methods and results
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and Scopus from inception through November 2018 for studies examining the association between ICD implantation and all-cause mortality in patients with advanced HF and CF-LVADs. Analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity and publication bias were formally assessed, using I2 and funnel plots, respectively. Eight observational studies with a total of 6416 patients (ICD group = 3450, no ICD group = 2966) met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients (84.6%) came from the two largest observational studies. There was no difference in mortality in the ICD and no ICD groups (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73–1.27, P = 0.79, I2 = 42%), and ICD implantation post-CF-LVAD was not associated with an improvement in mortality (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.48–1.57, P = 0.64, I2 = 0%). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the likelihood of transplantation (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.93–1.30, P = 0.28, I2 = 26%) or non-mortality adverse events between the two groups.
Conclusion
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use was not associated with improved survival in advanced HF patients with CF-LVADs. These findings underscore the need to formally study the efficacy of ICDs in this population in a dedicated randomized controlled study.
Safety and efficacy of single-balloon enteroscopy in management of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with a left ventricular assist device
