scholarly journals Clitoral HOOD granulosa cell tumor; case report and review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
Neil Patel ◽  
Alexandra Hamilton ◽  
Natasha Fievre

Background: Granulosa Cell tumors (GCT) are a sex-cord stroma tumor comprising of 1-2% of ovarian malignancies. Derived from Schwann cells, GCTs are comprised of granulosa cells, a cell of the ovarian stroma. Patients with these tumors present with signs of increased estrogen such as vaginal bleeding, irregular menstruation and rarely hirsutism and virilization.8,10-12 The majority of GCTs are found in the skin, subcutaneous tissue and submucosa with a handful of case reports discussing primary GCTs in the clitoris.3,7 Surgery is required for definitive tissue diagnosis and staging. In this case report, we present a case with tissue diagnosis for granulosa cell tumor found on the clitoral hood. Case: A 56-year-old, female, G6P3033 initially presented for evaluation of persistent clitoral cyst for >2 years Initial evaluation was significant for 1 cm clitoral cyst that was firm, smooth and fluctuant with no irregular borders; with worsening vulvodynia. The patient underwent clitoral hood mass excision. The mass was excised entirely and the post-operative recovery was uncomplicated. Pathology findings were significant for completely excised granulosa cell tumor; margins were negative for tumor. Immunohistochemical stain was positive for CD56, CD68, Vimentin, and S-100, and negative for AE1/13, CD31, CD34, SMA, and Desmin. Conclusion: When evaluating chronic, persistent, or recurrent masses, it is important to take into consideration both benign and malignant causes. Definitive diagnosis is established pathologically. Patients with confirmed GCT should be thorough evaluated pre-operatively with blood work and appropriate imaging. Upon diagnosis, patient with GCT should be regularly followed for recurrence and surveillance.

Author(s):  
Neil Patel ◽  
Alexandra Hamilton ◽  
Natasha Fievre

Background: Granulosa Cell tumors (GCT) are a sex-cord stroma tumor comprising of 1-2% of ovarian malignancies. Derived from Schwann cells, GCTs are comprised of granulosa cells, a cell of the ovarian stroma. Patients with these tumors present with signs of increased estrogen such as vaginal bleeding, irregular menstruation and rarely hirsutism and virilization.8,10-12 The majority of GCTs are found in the skin, subcutaneous tissue and submucosa with a handful of case reports discussing primary GCTs in the clitoris.3,7 Surgery is required for definitive tissue diagnosis and staging. In this case report, we present a case with tissue diagnosis for granulosa cell tumor found on the clitoral hood. Case: A 56-year-old, female, G6P3033 initially presented for evaluation of persistent clitoral cyst for >2 years Initial evaluation was significant for 1 cm clitoral cyst that was firm, smooth and fluctuant with no irregular borders; with worsening vulvodynia. The patient underwent clitoral hood mass excision. The mass was excised entirely and the post-operative recovery was uncomplicated. Pathology findings were significant for completely excised granulosa cell tumor; margins were negative for tumor. Immunohistochemical stain was positive for CD56, CD68, Vimentin, and S-100, and negative for AE1/13, CD31, CD34, SMA, and Desmin. Conclusion: When evaluating chronic, persistent, or recurrent masses, it is important to take into consideration both benign and malignant causes. Definitive diagnosis is established pathologically. Patients with confirmed GCT should be thorough evaluated pre-operatively with blood work and appropriate imaging. Upon diagnosis, patient with GCT should be regularly followed for recurrence and surveillance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsuki Koganezawa ◽  
Koichi Tomita ◽  
Masashi Nakagawa ◽  
Yosuke Ozawa ◽  
Toshimichi Kobayashi ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varkha Chandra ◽  
Sandhya Jain ◽  
Neerja Goel ◽  
Bindia Gupta ◽  
Shalini Rajaram

Introduction: Granulosa cell tumors comprise approximately 5% of all ovarian malignancy and account for 70% of malignant sex cord stromal tumors. Granulosa cell tumors have been diagnosed from infancy, the peak incidence being perimenopausal age. The potential of malignancy of these tumors is low, recurrences are often late and found in 10-33% of cases. Case Report: A 32-year-old P1L1 presented with large abdominal mass for which she underwent staging laparotomy with debulking surgery. She was a known case of granulosa cell tumor in the past and had undergone three laparotomies, along with chemotherapy. At the age of 13 yrs, she was diagnosed with a stage IA granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the ovary first time. She underwent surgical staging and removal of left sided adnexal mass, after which she was asymptomatic for 7 years. In 2003 she again presented with lump abdomen for which she underwent resection of adnexal mass, histopathology was consistent with recurrent GCT. After second surgery she also received two cycles of chemotherapy. Despite adjuvant chemotherapy, patient presented again after three years in 2006 with adnexal mass and was found to have a third recurrence. At that time, she received 6 cycles of chemotherapy and the mass regressed. Meanwhile she got married and had one child. After four year in 2010 she again presented with lump abdomen and she underwent surgical staging, total abdominal hysterectomy with right salphingo ophorectomy along with removal of mass. After five year in 2015 she again presented with lump abdomen; there was a large pelvic mass which was removed and patient referred for chemotherapy. Discussion: GCTS which a rare malignant tumors of ovary tend to be associated with late recurrences. Although most recurrences occurs within 10 years after initial diagnosis, there are occasional reports of recurrences after10 years. We experienced the rare case of a patient who relapsed multiple times over 20 years, despite surgical and targeted treatment. Conclusion: The long history of granulosa cell tumor highlights the importance of extended follow up of the patient.


1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Wuen Lee ◽  
Wilfred Levin ◽  
William Chapman ◽  
Ronn E.A. Goldberg ◽  
K.Joan Murphy ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Anspach Hanson ◽  
Abiy B. Ambaye

Abstract Adult testicular granulosa cell tumors are rare sex cord–stromal tumors of which only 28 have been previously reported. As compared with their ovarian counterparts, these tumors may follow a more aggressive course because the proportion of malignant cases is higher. To date, there are no clinical or pathologic features that definitively predict malignancy. We reviewed all prior case reports for features that may predict their malignant potential. Tumor size greater than 5.0 cm is the only feature statistically associated with malignancy. Mitotic count, tumor necrosis, patient age, and the presence of gynecomastia do not, at present, predict benign versus malignant behavior.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chieh Chen ◽  
◽  
Yun-Ho Lin ◽  
Shauh-Der Yeh ◽  
Chien-Chih Wu ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Eun-Kyung Ji ◽  
Kyoung-Sik Cho

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 100992
Author(s):  
Sunil Rauniyar ◽  
Zhigang Shen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jia Gu ◽  
Mei Pengjin ◽  
...  

Onkologie ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hampig R. Kourie ◽  
Joseph Kattan ◽  
Joelle Antoun ◽  
Fadi Sleilaty

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. S159 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C.R. Barbosa ◽  
F.S.M. Campos ◽  
S.D.C.V. Archangelo ◽  
A.M.C. Francisco

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