NEONATAL SEPARATION: THE MATERNAL SIDE OF INTERACTIONAL DEPRIVATION

Studies of maternal behavior in nonhuman mammals have suggested that the degree of interaction permitted between mother and infant in the postpartum period will influence later maternal attachment and infant development. The hypotheses raised by these studies can be explored with human mothers and infants through manipulation of care procedures of mothers and newborns in the immediate postpartum period. A pilot study was conducted to determine the feasibility of changing premature care procedures in order to study the effects of interactional deprivation in the neonatal period on maternal attitudes and behavior. Forty-one mothers were permitted to enter the nursery and touch or handle their premature infants in incubators as early as the second day after birth. The feasibility of admitting mothers to the premature nursery without increasing the risk or occurrence of infection, or disrupting the organization of the care of the infants, was demonstrated. We are now conducting a long-term study based on this pilot model to delineate the differences in commitment, feelings of competence, and behavior in the two differentially treated groups of mothers and to relate their behavior to the motor and mental development of the infants.

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Role of the Father

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.102.se1.1253 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 102 (Supplement_E1) ◽

pp. 1253-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyle D. Pruett

Keyword(s):

Infant Development ◽

Term Study ◽

Infant Attachment ◽

Interaction Styles ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Primary Caregiving

Fathers make definite contributions to infant development and are now spending more time with their children than in many past decades. This article reviews the most compelling research on the developmental importance of fathers, including father–infant attachment and interaction, and differences between maternal and paternal interaction styles. Results of a long-term study of primary caregiving fathers also are presented.

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11.4 Impact of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Use on Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-Term Study

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.641 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. S319

Author(s):

Dara Sakolsky

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor ◽

Reuptake Inhibitor ◽

Serotonin Reuptake ◽

Selective Serotonin ◽

Term Study ◽

Adolescent Anxiety ◽

Long Term Study ◽

And Behavior

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Triad hybridization via a conduit species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2000388117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (14) ◽

pp. 7888-7896 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter R. Grant ◽

B. Rosemary Grant

Keyword(s):

Introgressive Hybridization ◽

Term Study ◽

Future Evolution ◽

Standing Variation ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Novel Traits ◽

Adaptive Radiations ◽

Geospiza Fortis ◽

And Behavior

Introgressive hybridization can affect the evolution of populations in several important ways. It may retard or reverse divergence of species, enable the development of novel traits, enhance the potential for future evolution by elevating levels of standing variation, create new species, and alleviate inbreeding depression in small populations. Most of what is known of contemporary hybridization in nature comes from the study of pairs of species, either coexisting in the same habitat or distributed parapatrically and separated by a hybrid zone. More rarely, three species form an interbreeding complex (triad), reported in vertebrates, insects, and plants. Often, one species acts as a genetic link or conduit for the passage of genes (alleles) between two others that rarely, if ever, hybridize. Demographic and genetic consequences are unknown. Here we report results of a long-term study of interbreeding Darwin’s finches on Daphne Major island, Galápagos.Geospiza fortisacted as a conduit for the passage of genes between two others that have never been observed to interbreed on Daphne:Geospiza fuliginosa, a rare immigrant, andGeospiza scandens, a resident. Microsatellite gene flow fromG. fortisintoG. scandensincreased in frequency during 30 y of favorable ecological conditions, resulting in genetic and morphological convergence.G. fortis,G. scandens, and the derived dihybrids and trihybrids experienced approximately equal fitness. Especially relevant to young adaptive radiations, where species differ principally in ecology and behavior, these findings illustrate how new combinations of genes created by hybridization among three species can enhance the potential for evolutionary change.

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