scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF MOISTURE AND HEAT ON THE EFFICACY OF CHEMICAL CUES USED IN PREDATOR DETECTION BY THE WOLF SPIDER PARDOSA MILVINA (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE)

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Wilder ◽  
Jill DeVito ◽  
Matthew H. Persons ◽  
Ann L. Rypstra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Pardosa Milvina

Preference for Chemical Cues Associated with Recent Prey in the Wolf Spider Hogna helluo (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Ethology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Persons ◽  
Ann L. Rypstra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Hogna Helluo

The wolf spider Pardosa milvina detects predator threat level using only vibratory cues

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Sitvarin ◽  
Shira D. Gordon ◽  
George W. Uetz ◽  
Ann L. Rypstra
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Predator Cues ◽  
Pardosa Milvina ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Predator Threat

Predators may inadvertently signal their presence and threat level by way of signals in multiple modalities. We used a spider, Pardosa milvina, known to respond adaptively to chemotactile predator cues (i.e., silk, faeces and other excreta) to evaluate whether it could also discriminate predation risk from isolated vibratory cues. Vibrations from its prey, conspecifics, and predators (Tigrosa helluo and Scarites quadriceps) were recorded and played back to Pardosa. In addition, we recorded predator vibrations with and without access to chemotactile cues from Pardosa, indicating the presence of prey. Pardosa did not appear to discriminate between vibrations from prey or conspecifics, but the response to predators depended on the presence of cues from Pardosa. Vibrations from predators with access to chemotactile cues from prey induced reductions in Pardosa activity. Predator cues typically occur in multiple modalities, but prey are capable of imperfectly evaluating predation risk using a limited subset of information.

Egg sac damage and previous egg sac production influence truncated parental investment in the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina

Ethology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (12) ◽  
pp. 1111-1121
Author(s):  
Megan F. Marchetti ◽  
Matthew H. Persons
Keyword(s):  
Parental Investment ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Pardosa Milvina

scholarly journals The effects of predation risk on female silk deposition and male response to predator-cued conspecifics in the wolf spider, Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Sweger ◽  
Michael Marr ◽  
Adam Satteson ◽  
Ann L. Rypstra ◽  
Matthew H. Persons
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Pardosa Milvina

Cannibalism and density-dependent mortality in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1293-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Buddle ◽  
Sean E Walker ◽  
Ann L Rypstra
Keyword(s):  
Population Regulation ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Conspecific Density ◽  
Pardosa Milvina ◽  
Density Dependent Mortality ◽  
Dependent Mortality

Cannibalism is an important regulating mechanism in many terrestrial and aquatic arthropod communities. Spider ecologists have suggested that cannibalism with wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the genera Schizocosa and Pardosa is common and can act in population regulation. This hypothesis was tested with the species Pardosa milvina (Hentz), a small wolf spider that shows high densities in disturbance-driven ecosystems, including agricultural fields, throughout eastern North America. Under laboratory conditions, cannibalism was more common between pairs of P. milvina with the greatest differences in both mass and size. Field studies, in which we stocked natural densities, 2× natural densities, and 4× natural densities of P. milvina in enclosures placed in soybean fields, revealed that survival was lowest when conspecific density was highest, and larger individuals prevailed under high-density conditions. Thus, cannibalism likely plays an important role in governing populations of P. milvina, and the generality about the prevalence and importance of cannibalism with wolf spiders is supported.

Chemosensory deficiency may render island-dwelling lizards more vulnerable to invasive predators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Van Moorleghem ◽  
Katleen Huyghe ◽  
Raoul Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Tongue Flick ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Invasive Predators ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Herpestes Auropunctatus ◽  
Scent Detection ◽  
Mammalian Predator ◽  
Whip Snake ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

Abstract Newly introduced predators constitute a major threat to prey populations worldwide. Insular prey animals in particular often do not succeed in overcoming their naivety towards alien predators, making them specifically vulnerable. Why this is the case remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate how the ability to detect and respond to predator chemical cues varies among populations of the Dalmatian wall lizard, Podarcis melisellensis. Lizards were sampled from five locations in south-eastern Croatia (one mainland location and four islands) that varied in the composition of their predator community. We observed the lizards’ behaviour in response to chemical cues of native saurophagous snakes (the Balkan whip snake, Hierophis gemonensis, and eastern Montpellier snake, Malpolon insignitus) and an introduced mammalian predator (the small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus – a species held responsible for the loss of numerous insular reptile populations worldwide). Mainland lizards showed elevated tongue-flick rates (indicative of scent detection) as well as behaviours associated with distress in response to scents of both native and introduced predators. In sharp contrast, island lizards did not alter their behaviour when confronted with any of the predator cues. Alarmingly, even lizards from islands with native predators (both snakes and mammals) and from an island on which mongooses were introduced during the 1920s were non-responsive. This suggests that insular populations are chemosensorily deprived. As failure at the predator-detection level is often seen as the most damaging form of naivety, these results provide further insight into the mechanisms that render insular-living animals vulnerable to invasive species.

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