KOMPOSISI MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA BEBERAPA LAHAN PERTANIAN DI DESA SUMILLAN KECAMATAN ALLA KABUPATEN ENREKANG

Land is a place to live various types of biota, one of which is soil fauna. Soil fauna has an important role in maintaining soil fertility and health. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of soil macrofauna on Agricultural land in the Sumillan Village, Alla District, Enrekang Regency. This research was conducted in July - September 2019 at three different locations. Sampling was done using fit fall trap and hand shorting methods. The results showed that there were 3 soil macrofauna phyla, namely Annelida, Artrophoda and Molluscs. Each phylum is divided into 5 classes, namely Clitellata, Insecta, Chilopoda, Aracnida and Gastropoda, 10 Orders, 14 Families and 21 species. Soil macrofauna species found were Lumbricus teresteris, Lumbricus castaneus Pheretima hamayana, Lasius niger, Lasius sp, Minimum monomorium, Soloenopsis sp, Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllus sp 1, Gryllus sp 2, Blatella niger, Lasius sp, Minimum monomorium, Soloenopsis sp, Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllus sp 1, Gryllus sp 2, Blatella sp, Macrotermes sp fuscipen, Leptosia nina, Scolopendra alternans, Pardosa milvina, Euryopis saukea, Vaginula sp and Achatina fulica.Abstrak Tanah merupakan tempat hidup berbagai jenis biota, salah satunya adalah fauna tanah. Fauna tanah memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga kesuburan dan kesehatan tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah pada lahan pertanian di Desa Sumillan Kecamatan Alla Kabupaten Enrekang. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Juli - September 2019 pada tiga lokasi berbeda. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode fit fall trap dan hand shorting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 filum makrofauna tanah yaitu Annelida, Artrophoda dan Molusca. Masing-masing filum ini terbagi dalam 5 kelas yaitu Clitellata, Insecta, Chilopoda, Aracnida dan Gastropoda, 10 Ordo, 14 Family dan 21 spesies. Spesies makrofauna tanah yang ditemukan yaitu Lumbricus teresteris, Lumbricus castaneus Pheretima hamayana, Lasius niger, Lasius sp, Monomorium minimum, Soloenopsis sp, Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllus sp 1, Gryllus sp 2, Blatella sp, Macrotermes sp, Chelisoches sp, Paederus sp, Paederus fuscipen, Leptosia nina, Scolopendra alternans, Pardosa milvina, Euryopis saukea, Vaginula sp dan Achatina fulica.Kata Kunci: Desa Sumillan, Keragaman Jenis, Makrofauna Tanah

The wolf spider Pardosa milvina detects predator threat level using only vibratory cues

Predators may inadvertently signal their presence and threat level by way of signals in multiple modalities. We used a spider, Pardosa milvina, known to respond adaptively to chemotactile predator cues (i.e., silk, faeces and other excreta) to evaluate whether it could also discriminate predation risk from isolated vibratory cues. Vibrations from its prey, conspecifics, and predators (Tigrosa helluo and Scarites quadriceps) were recorded and played back to Pardosa. In addition, we recorded predator vibrations with and without access to chemotactile cues from Pardosa, indicating the presence of prey. Pardosa did not appear to discriminate between vibrations from prey or conspecifics, but the response to predators depended on the presence of cues from Pardosa. Vibrations from predators with access to chemotactile cues from prey induced reductions in Pardosa activity. Predator cues typically occur in multiple modalities, but prey are capable of imperfectly evaluating predation risk using a limited subset of information.