scholarly journals Nitrate poisoning in cattle. 5. The effect of tungsten on nitrate formation by rumen microbes.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
A. Korzeniowski ◽  
J.H. Geurink ◽  
A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Nitrite Intoxication

Sodium tungstate added to rumen fluid depressed the nitrate reductase activity of rumen microbes. The rate of nitrite formation in rumen fluid fell by about 86% if 20 mu mol of Na2WO4 were added per litre. At 100 and 500 mu mol/l no nitrite accumulation was observed. This inhibition was overcome by molybdenum. Experiments in cows confirmed these in vitro findings. Tungsten is suggested as a promising preventative of nitrite intoxication in ruminants. [For Part 3 see VB 50, abst. 5179.] (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Can adaptation to nitrate supplementation and provision of fermentable energy reduce nitrite accumulation in rumen contents in vitro?

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. de Raphélis-Soissan ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
J. R. Newbold ◽  
I. R. Godwin ◽  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Urea Nitrate ◽  
Nitrite Reductases ◽  
Toxicity Risk ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

Nitrate (NO3–) supplementation is a promising methane mitigation strategy for ruminants, but can cause nitrite (NO2–) poisoning. Because some nitrite reductases are NADH-dependent, we hypothesised that replacing glucose with glycerol would increase the NADH yield and so enhance nitrite reductase activity and reduce ruminal NO2– accumulation and toxicity risk. We also hypothesised that adapting sheep to dietary NO3– would limit the accumulation of NO2– when NO3– was added to rumen fluid. Changes in NO3– and NO2– catabolism and CH4 production, resulting from supplementation with glycerol to enhance NADH supply, were studied in vitro. In Experiment 1, rumen fluid from sheep adapted to dietary NO3– (2% of DM intake) or urea (1.1% of DM intake) was incubated with NO3– or urea, respectively. Additionally, ground oaten hay was added to incubations alone (control), or with glucose or glycerol. In Experiement 2, sheep were adapted for 9 weeks to dietary NO3– or urea. Nitrate (2% NO3– of substrate DM) was added to incubated digesta from NO3–- or urea-supplemented sheep, while urea (1.1% of substrate DM) was added to digesta from urea-supplemented sheep. In both studies, triplicate incubations were terminated at nine time points up to 24 h. Methane emissions were lower in all NO3– treatments (P < 0.05). Contrary to our hypotheses, both glycerol supplementation (Experiment 1) and prior adaptation to NO3– (Experiment 2) increased NO2– accumulation. In Experiment 1, there was no difference in ruminal NO2– concentration between the unsupplemented control and added glucose treatments. Nitrous oxide accumulated in NO3– treatments only with rumen fluid from sheep adapted to dietary urea (P < 0.05). In summary, NO2– accumulation in vitro was not reduced by adaptation to NO3– or by glucose or glycerol supplementation, disproving the hypotheses regarding the role of NADH availability and of NO2– adaptation in reducing ruminal NO2– accumulation and toxicity risk.

Changes in Leaf Nitrate Reductase Activity In Vivo and In Vitro During Light-Dark Transitions

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Salalkar ◽  
R. S. Shaikh ◽  
R. M. Naik ◽  
S. V. Munjal ◽  
B. B. Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Leaf Nitrate

scholarly journals In Vitro Studies of Nitrate Reductase Activity in Cotton Cotyledons

1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert C. Purvis ◽  
Charles R. Tischler ◽  
Roger C. Fites
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
In Vitro Studies

scholarly journals Effect of lead on nitrate reductase activity and nitrate assimilation in pea leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sinha ◽  
H. S. Srivastava ◽  
S. N. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Total Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Intact Leaf ◽  
Leaf Tissues

The effect of Pb on nitrate reductase activity, protein, total organic nitrogen and on the chlorophyll content in excised and intact leaf tissues of <em>Pisum sativum</em> was examine. Enzyme activity assayed in vitro or in vivo in the excised leaves showed marked increase at lower concentrations of Pb while being inhibited at higher concentrations. In intact leaf tissues, the enzyme activity (in vivo or in vitro) was unaffected at lower concentrations but was inhibited at higher concentrations of Pb. Chlorophyll, carotenoids (non-nitrogenous pigments), soluble protein and organic nitrogen contents remained almost unaffected at all concentrations of Pb tested. It seems that nitrate reductase has a different response towards Pb pollution in this species, which is more tolerant to heavy metal pollution, especially Pb.

Effects of phosphate on in vitro nitrate reductase activity from tobacco leaves

Plant Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J Camacho-Cristóbal ◽  
José M Maldonado ◽  
Agustı́n González-Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Tobacco Leaves
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