Two new species of the crab genusActumnusDana, 1851 (family Pilumnidae) are reported from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan.Actumnus tsurukaiisp. nov. is similar toA. squamosus(De Haan, 1835),A. setifer(De Haan, 1835) andA. forficigerus(Stimpson, 1858) in possessing a poorly defined dorsal surface of the carapace with a coat of short setae, but differs in having relatively larger, fewer and more widely spaced conical granules or tubercles on the outer surfaces of the palms of both chelipeds.Actumnus uformissp. nov. is similar toA. dorsipesStimpson, 1858 andA. granotuberosusGarth & Kim, 1983 in having a prominently areolated dorsal surface of the carapace with a soft thick tomentum, but can be distinguished by the stronger areolation and the distinctly U-shaped protogastric region.