scholarly journals From Blue to Steel-Collar Jobs: The Decline in Employment Gaps?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lerch
Keyword(s):  
Employment Gaps

scholarly journals Employment Lapses and Subsequent Hiring Disadvantages: An Experimental Approach Examining Types of Discrimination and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110198
Author(s):  
Katherine Weisshaar
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
Types Of Information

Employment interruption is a common experience in today’s labor market, most frequently due to unemployment from job loss and temporary lapses to care for family or children. Although existing research shows that employment lapses cause disadvantages at the hiring interface compared to individuals with no employment disruptions, competing theories predict different mechanisms explaining these hiring penalties. In this study, the author uses an original conjoint survey experiment to causally assess perceptions of fictitious job applicants, focusing on a comparison of unemployed applicants and nonemployed caregiver applicants, who left work to care for family, to currently employed applicants. The author examines whether disadvantages for job applicants with employment gaps are receptive to positive information (and therefore represent a form of “informational bias”) or are resistant to information (reflecting “cognitive bias”) and further assesses which types of information affect or do not affect levels of bias in fictitious hiring decisions. Results show that positive information on past job performance and social skills essentially eliminates disadvantages faced by unemployed job applicants, but nonemployed caregiver applicants remain disadvantaged even with multiple types of positive information. These findings suggest that unemployed applicants face informational biases but that nonemployed caregiver applicants face cognitive biases that are rigid even with rich forms of positive or counter-stereotypical information. This study has implications for understanding the career consequences of employment disruption, which is especially relevant to consider in light of labor market disruptions during the recent pandemic.

Parental leave length, social norms, and female labor market re-entry frictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Bartoš ◽  
Barbara Pertold-Gebicka
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Job Applicant ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of employers in creating employment gaps among women returning to the labor market after parental leaves of different durations. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a controlled correspondence field experiment that orthogonally manipulates parental leave length and the quality of fictitious female job candidates. The experiment is complemented with a survey among human resource managers. Findings High-quality candidates receive more interview invitations when applying after a short parental leave, while low-quality (LQ) candidates receive more interview invitations when applying after a typical three years long parental leave. Survey results suggest that the difference in invitations between short and typical leave treatments is driven by a social norm that mothers should stay home with children younger than three. Productivity gains from employing a LQ job applicant with a shorter career break might not be high enough to outweigh the adverse social norm effect. Social implications The presented results point toward the strong effect of prevailing social norms on job search prospects of women returning to the labor market after parental leave. Originality/value A correspondence experiment has not been used before to study the relationship between time spent on leave and the labor market prospects of mothers. It also extends research on social norms to the domain of hiring decisions.

Africa's future will hinge on closing skills gap

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Skills Gap ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employment Gaps ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Growth Economic

Subject Skills development in Africa. Significance Africa's population is growing rapidly and is expected to more than double to 2.4 billion by 2050. Already, over half of the population is under 24 years old. This demographic explosion could create both opportunities and challenges. A critical factor determining this will be the extent to which African governments are able to align educational policies with market realities. Impacts Education that is not sufficiently market-oriented will create further gaps, with demand growing for education as the population expands. Employment gaps are likely if skills training does not meet the needs of the growing manufacturing, technical and industrial sectors. Investment in skills development could help to reduce poverty, almost 84% of which stems from unemployment and underemployment. Africa's growing population could also see consumer spending rise above 1 trillion dollars by 2020. With rapid population growth, economic migration will likely intensify in the near future if the roots of migration are not tackled.

scholarly journals The heterogeneity of ethnic employment gaps

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Aeberhardt ◽  
Élise Coudin ◽  
Roland Rathelot
Keyword(s):  
Employment Gaps

scholarly journals Ethnic Employment Gaps of Graduates in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bisschop ◽  
Bas ter Weel ◽  
Jelle Zwetsloot
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Employment Gaps
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