Modification of Antipredator Behavior of Caecidotea Intermedius by Its Parasite Acanthocephalus Dirus

Ecology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Hechtel ◽  
Cheryl L. Johnson ◽  
Steven A. Juliano
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Acanthocephalus Dirus

scholarly journals Parrot Free-Flight as a Conservation Tool

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Constance Woodman ◽  
Chris Biro ◽  
Donald J. Brightsmith
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Raptor Conservation

The release of captive-raised parrots to create or supplement wild populations has been critiqued due to variable survival rates and unreliable flocking behavior. Private bird owners free-fly their parrots in outdoor environments and utilize techniques that could address the needs of conservation breed and release projects. We present methods and results of a free-flight training technique used for 3 parrot flocks: A large-bodied (8 macaws of 3 species and 2 hybrids), small-bodied (25 individuals of 4 species), and a Sun Parakeet flock (4 individuals of 1 species). Obtained as chicks, the birds were hand-reared in an enriched environment. As juveniles, the birds were systematically exposed to increasingly complex wildland environments, mirroring the learning process of wild birds developing skills. The criteria we evaluated for each flock were predation rates, antipredator behavior, landscape navigation, and foraging. No parrots were lost to predation or disorientation during over 500 months of free-flight time, and all birds demonstrated effective flocking, desirable landscape navigation, and wild food usage. The authors conclude that this free-flight method may be directly applicable for conservation releases, similar to the use of falconry methods for raptor conservation.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Thanatosis in the Braconid Parasitoid Wasp Heterospilus prosopidis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mio Amemiya ◽  
Kôji Sasakawa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Death Feigning ◽  
Heterospilus Prosopidis ◽  
History Of

Thanatosis, also called death feigning, is often an antipredator behavior. In insects, it has been reported from species of various orders, but knowledge of this behavior in Hymenoptera is insufficient. This study examined the effects of sex, age (0 or 2 days old), temperature (18 or 25 °C), and background color (white, green, or brown) on thanatosis in the braconid parasitoid wasp Heterospilus prosopidis. Thanatosis was more frequent in 0-d-old individuals and in females at 18 °C. The duration of thanatosis was longer in females, but this effect of sex was weaker at 18 °C and in 0-d-old individuals. The background color affected neither the frequency nor duration. These results were compared with reports for other insects and predictions based on the life history of this species, and are discussed from an ecological perspective.

Quantifying human disturbance on antipredator behavior and flush initiation distance in yellow-bellied marmots

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunwang Li ◽  
Raquel Monclús ◽  
Terry L. Maul ◽  
Zhigang Jiang ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Antipredator Behavior

Quantifying insect predation with predator exclusion cages: the role of prey antipredator behavior as a source of bias

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Castellanos ◽  
Pedro Barbosa ◽  
Iriana Zuria ◽  
Astrid Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Predator Exclusion ◽  
Insect Predation

scholarly journals Antipredator behavior in blackbirds: habituation complements risk allocation

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Rodriguez-Prieto ◽  
Esteban Fernández-Juricic ◽  
José Martín ◽  
Yohana Regis
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Risk Allocation

Antipredator Behavior of Adult and Nestling Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Yasukawa ◽  
Emily J. Dorjath ◽  
Stephanie K. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Agelaius Phoeniceus

Antipredator Behavior

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Caine
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior

scholarly journals Mate Choice, Sex Roles and Sexual Cognition in Vertebrates: Mate Choice Turns Cognition or Cognition Turns Mate Choice?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Fuss
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Problem Solver

The idea of “smart is sexy,” meaning superior cognition provides competitive benefits in mate choice and, therefore, evolutionary advantages in terms of reproductive fitness, is both exciting and captivating. Cognitively flexible individuals perceive and adapt more dynamically to (unpredictable) environmental changes. The sex roles that females and males adopt within their populations can vary greatly in response to the prevalent mating system. Based on how cognition determines these grossly divergent sex roles, different selection pressures could possibly shape the (progressive) evolution of cognitive abilities, suggesting the potential to induce sexual dimorphisms in superior cognitive abilities. Associations between an individual’s mating success, sexual traits and its cognitive abilities have been found consistently across vertebrate species and taxa, providing evidence that sexual selection may well shape the supporting cognitive prerequisites. Yet, while superior cognitive abilities provide benefits such as higher feeding success, improved antipredator behavior, or more favorable mate choice, they also claim costs such as higher energy levels and metabolic rates, which in turn may reduce fecundity, growth, or immune response. There is compelling evidence in a variety of vertebrate taxa that females appear to prefer skilled problem-solver males, i.e., they prefer those that appear to have better cognitive abilities. Consequently, cognition is also likely to have substantial effects on sexual selection processes. How the choosing sex assesses the cognitive abilities of potential mates has not been explored conclusively yet. Do cognitive skills guide an individual’s mate choice and does learning change an individual’s mate choice decisions? How and to which extent do individuals use their own cognitive skills to assess those of their conspecifics when choosing a mate? How does an individual’s role within a mating system influence the choice of the choosing sex in this context? Drawing on several examples from the vertebrate world, this review aims to elucidate various aspects associated with cognitive sex differences, the different roles of males and females in social and sexual interactions, and the potential influence of cognition on mate choice decisions. Finally, future perspectives aim to identify ways to answer the central question of how the triad of sex, cognition, and mate choice interacts.

Antipredator Behavior of the Freshwater MicroturbellarianStenostomum sphagnetorumAgainst the Predatory CiliateDileptus margaritifer

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Buonanno
Keyword(s):  
Antipredator Behavior
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