A Complete Description of the Normal Subgroups of Genus One of the Modular Group

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Newman
1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Gareth A. Jones

For each finite group G, let G denote the set of all normal subgroups of the modular group Γ = PSL2(ℤ) with quotient group isomorphic to G; since Γ is finitely generated, the number NG = |G| of such subgroups is finite. We shall be mainly concerned with the case where G is the linear fractional group PSL2(q) over the Galois field GF(q), in which case we shall write (q) and N(q) for G and NG; for q>3, PSL2(q) is simple, so the elements of (q) will be maximal normal subgroups of Γ.


1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2555-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Mason

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schmutz Schaller

AbstractAn infinite family of perfect, non-extremal Riemann surfaces is constructed, the first examples of this type of surfaces. The examples are based on normal subgroups of the modular group PSL(2, ℤ) of level 6. They provide non-Euclidean analogues to the existence of perfect, non-extremal positive definite quadratic forms. The analogy uses the function syst which associates to every Riemann surface M the length of a systole, which is a shortest closed geodesic of M.


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