Physical systems are constructed from a variety of components, some of which have relatively concentrated, pointwise features while others have spatially distributed characteristics. In contrast, models rarely reflect this structure, thereby avoiding the mathematical difficulties arising from the manipulation of sets of mixed algebraic, ordinary and partial differential equations which may generate irrational functions on transformation. In this paper general results are produced, enabling the response to systems comprising a series of distributed-lumped elements to be calculated. A simple example is included to illustrate the procedures outlined.
