scholarly journals Analisis Perbandingan Tingkat Tekanan Bunyi Terhadap Sistem Pembangkit Suara Akustik dengan Efek Surround dan Tanpa Efek Surround

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Yusuf Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Output Channel ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Sound System ◽  
T Distribution ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Sound Generator

<em>This study aims to determine the comparison of the sound pressure level produced by an acoustic sound generator system with surround effects without surround effects. Acoustic sound generating system with surround effects is designed and made as a sound system that produces a surround effect where the resulting sound is divided and distributed over two or many channels (multi channel). This sound system consists of four parts, namely: front cannel, rear surround channel, extra rear channel and subwoofer. This system gets input from the VCD in the form of R and L signals into the AN7397K IC then comes out through four output channels. Each output channel is connected to a 150 watt stereo and mono power amplifier. From the results of research with statistical tests using the t distribution shows that there is a difference in sound pressure level (SPL) between acoustic sound generating systems with surround effects without surround effects at a distance of 1 meter to 10 meters, where the value of the sound pressure level with a sound generator system is obtained. acoustics with a surround effect higher than the sound pressure level without a surround effect</em>

Contributions of Voice and Nonverbal Communication to Perceived Masculinity–Femininity for Cisgender and Transgender Communicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-947
Author(s):  
Teresa L. D. Hardy ◽  
Carol A. Boliek ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Justin Lewicke ◽  
Kristopher Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Tract Resonance ◽  
Point Light

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity–femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women ( n = 10 of each) and transgender women ( n = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers ( n = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity–femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired.

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