Management of vesicoureteral reflux may involve a period of observation while the patient is on continuous antibiotic prophylaxis while awaiting spontaneous resolution. There are several indications for surgical correction that include non-resolution after a period of observation, parent preference, or breakthrough infections while on antibiotic prophylaxis, just to name a few. Endoscopic injection for correction of vesicoureteral reflux is an effective, minimally invasive method of treatment. Successful treatment is dependent on surgical technique, with a success rate of 77 to 94% with the double hydrodistension implantation technique (HIT) and uniform endpoints of injection. We aim to describe the double HIT technique for endoscopic injection along with tips and tricks for a successful result.
This review contains 10 figures, 5 tables and 26 references
Keywords: Vesicoureteral reflux, minimally invasive, febile urinary tract infection, voiding cystourethrogram, deflux, dextranomer/hyaluronic acid, children, cystoscopy, pyelonephritis, endoscopy
Editorial. Is the helmet doing most of the job in the endoscopic correction of craniosynostosis?
