Neurovestibular symptoms following space flight

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Kira Bacal ◽  
Roger Billica ◽  
Sheryl Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Space Motion Sickness ◽  
Mission Duration ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Space Motion ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Difficulty Walking

Neurovestibular symptoms experienced by astronauts in the post-flight period were examined using data from medical debriefs contained in the NASA Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health database. Ten symptoms were identified (clumsiness, difficulty concentrating, persisting sensation aftereffects, nausea, vomiting, vertigo while walking, vertigo while standing, difficulty walking a straight line, blurred vision, and dry heaves), of which eight were crossed with twelve demographic parameters (mission duration, astronaut gender, age, one-g piloting experience, previous space flight experience, g-suit inflation, g-suit deflation, in-flight space motion sickness, in-flight exercise, post-flight exercise, mission role, fluid loading). Three symptoms were experienced by a majority of subjects, and another two by more than a quarter of the subjects. Intensity of the symptoms was mild, suggesting that they are unlikely to pose a risk to the crew during landing and the post-flight period. Seven of the symptoms and eight of the parameters under study were found to be significantly associated with each other.

BIOSATELLITES BION 6-11: INVESTIGATIONS WITH PRIMATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
A.I. Grigoriev ◽  
◽  
B.A. Lapin ◽  
I.B. Kozlovskaya ◽  
Е.А. Ilyin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Space Motion Sickness ◽  
Human Space Flight ◽  
The Us ◽  
Space Motion ◽  
Space Adaptation Syndrome ◽  
Space Adaptation

In 1951, the USSR started launching rockets with dogs in preparation of the first human space flight. The US, starting in 1948, launched primates. These launches of rockets with animals pursued primarily the objectives of engineering testing, whereas the actual researches with primates in orbital flights in US and USSR began in 1969 and 1983, respectively. USSR/Russia launched 12 rhesus-macaques onboard 6 biosatellites of the BION series. The main goal of the investigations was to attack the so-called space adaptation syndrome. Implanted and applied electrodes provided unique information about progression of the space motion sickness, motor dysfunction and growth of intracranial pressure in the condition of microgravity. The BION program was conducted in a broad cooperation with international partners.

Vestibular suppression during space flight

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 363-376
Author(s):  
Douglas Watt ◽  
Luc Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Recent Experiment ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Space Motion Sickness ◽  
Motor Strategy ◽  
Space Motion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similar Motor

Normal movements performed while voluntarily fixing the head to the torso can lead to motion sickness in susceptible individuals. The underlying mechanism may involve excessive suppression of vestibular responses. A similar motor strategy is often adopted in the early days of a space flight and might contribute to the development of space motion sickness. In a recent experiment, we monitored the eye, head and upper torso rotations of four Life and Microgravity Spacelab crew members. For the purposes of this study, all data were excluded except for periods during which the subject was performing pure yaw-axis head movements. All subjects showed a significant increase in gaze slip on the first day of their mission, suggesting that increased vestibular suppression was occurring. Furthermore, this amount of increased suppression would have been more than adequate to produce motion sickness in susceptible individuals on the ground. The results support the theory of two, independent mechanisms for space motion sickness.

Сlinical and epidemiological characteristics of botulism

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Lelya P. Cherenova ◽  
Anna V. Matsuy ◽  
Igor V. Cherenov
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Canned Vegetables ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Difficulty Walking

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of botulism in the Astrakhan region for the period from 2013 to 2019 are presented. 37 people with a diagnosis of Botulism were under observation. It was found that most often (28 (75.7%) cases) patients associated their disease with the use of canned home-made products. Canned vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes, vegetable salad, eggplant, cabbage) were consumed by 18 (48.7%) people, mushrooms 10 (27%), dried fish 7 (18.9%), herring-balyk 1 (2.7%) and home-made liver pate-1 (2.7%) patient. The incubation period in the observed patients was on average 2.4 days. It lasted 12 days in 24 (64.9%) patients, 3-5 days in 12 (32.4%) patients, and 6 days in 1 (2.7%) patient. According to the severity of the condition, 17 (45.9%) patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Severe course of the disease was in 17 (45.9%) patients, moderate-in 20 (54.1%) patients. Early and persistent symptoms in all patients were marked muscle weakness, in 78.4% of patients dizziness, in 83.8% of patients difficulty walking and unsteadiness of gait. In 34 (91.9%) patients, the most pronounced symptoms were ophthalmoplegic: blurred vision, fog, flies in front of the eyes, inability to read the text. In General, up to 10 cases of botulism are registered annually in the Astrakhan region. Almost half of the patients (45.9%) have severe botulism. The disease is mostly sporadic and is associated with the use of canned vegetables and home-made mushrooms. In addition, cases of botulism associated with the use of dried fish have become more frequent in the Astrakhan region. Late hospitalization was observed in 1/3 of patients (11 (29.7%) cases) with botulism. This is due to untimely diagnosis at the pre-hospital stage and late access of patients to medical care.

A re-investigation of the role of utricular asymmetries in Space Motion Sickness

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A.E. Nooij ◽  
R. Vanspauwen ◽  
J.E. Bos ◽  
F.L. Wuyts
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Space Motion Sickness ◽  
Space Motion

Influence of Inosine on Cerebral Hemodynamics in Space Motion Sickness in Experimental Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asie N. Useinova ◽  
Vitalii Kaliberdenko ◽  
Igor D. Sapegin ◽  
Shanmugaraj Kulanthaivel ◽  
Michael V. Shterenshis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Cerebral Vessels ◽  
Local Blood Flow ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Space Motion Sickness ◽  
Space Motion

Background: Motion sickness occurs worldwide in healthy individuals regardless of age, ethnicity, or gender. It is an acute disorder, it can also present as a chronic disorder in some individuals. Motion sickness not only includes vomiting and nausea, besides this, it includes other features such as pallor of varying degrees, cold sweating, headache, drowsiness, increased salivation, and cranial pain which is severe. Some of the other assessment scales can interpret sickness on exposure to virtual or visual stimulation and while travelling in different types of transport. Aim: The aim our research is to study the effect of the drug on the level of blood flow and vascular reactivity of cerebral vessels when simulating changes in cerebral circulation in terrestrial conditions characteristic of hypogravity. Methods: Chronic experiments were performed on non-anesthetized rabbits with large hemispheres, thalamus and hypothalamus were implanted with the needle-platinum electrodes 150 mm in diameter in the cortex, and local blood flow and vascular reactivity were recorded accordingly. Cerebrovascular disturbances were modeled using a MSAOP (motion sickness of animals in the anti-orthostatic position) with an inclined angle of 45 ° for 2 hours. Local blood flow (BF) was measured in ml/min/100 g of tissue by the method of registration of hydrogen clearance. The vasodilator coefficient of reactivity (CrCO2) was calculated by the ratio of BF against the background of inhalation of a mixture of 7% CO2 with air to the initial BF; vasoconstrictor - in relation to BF on the background of inhalation of 100% O2 to the initial BF (CrO2). A series of experiments was carried out with different routes of drug administration: First, inosine was administered intravenously at a dose of 5 mg/kg immediately before the start of SMS modeling, Same dose per oral was administered 30 minutes before the start of exposure. As a control, we used the results of experimental animals under similar conditions without the administration of the drugs. Results: Inosine has pronounced protective properties in cerebrovascular disorders on the background of space motion sickness (SMS) modeling, which is manifested by normalization of BF and restoration of compensatory reactions of cerebral vessels. In the mechanism of cerebroprotective action of inosine, it is able to correct the metabolic processes which plays an important role and helps to increase the compensatory capabilities and functional stability of the cerebrovascular system under gravitational influences. Conclusion: When using inosine per orally, the effects are more pronounced than when administered intravenously, which should be taken into account when using it for the prevention of cerebrovascular disorders in extreme conditions.

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