METHOD OF DEFINING THE OBJECT FREE ZONES ON CLOSE-TO-AERODROME TERRITORIES BY THE CRITERION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INFLUENCE ON POPULATION AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

The method of defining the object free zones on close-to-aerodrome territories is calculation based on the data of electromagnetic fields from radio landing aids and air-ground communication stations. The core of it is division of the antenna surface into Huygens wavelets with subsequent summing up the radiation field from all wavelets at a specified point. The method can be used to construct the lines of equal peak and equivalent EMF strength levels that do not exceed admissible values on their outer boundary and beyond, and to substantiate measures intended to assure sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing on close-to-aerodrome territory.

MEASUREMENT OF PARAMETERS CHARACTERIZING EARLY VASCULAR AGING WITH THE USE OF OSCILLOMETRIC METHOD DURING SPACE FLIGHT

The article covers the studies of the vascular wall functioning in cosmonauts using the data of pulse wave velocity as a biomarker of early vascular aging. The investigations were performed with the use of device Mobilograph twice before launch, every 30 days of 6-month ISS missions and on days 4 and 8 of recovery. Pulse wave velocity has never exceeded threshold values suggesting that participation in low-Earth orbital missions does not put at risk cardiac health threatening with vascular pathologies. Yet, the conclusion can be premature given the limited potentialities of the method and hardware used in the investigation.

INTERFERENCE AND MASKING ACTION OF HIGH-INTENSITY NOISE AND METHODS OF MITIGATION

Noise is the leading adverse factor in the day-to-day activities of the Russian force units. External nose, high-intensity in particular, degrades operator's efficiency increasing the probability of erroneous actions. The paper dwells on noise interference and masking effects on sound transmission and speech communication. Personal mufflers are unable to reduce noise interference fully, high-intensity noise specifically. Bone conduction is regarded to be an optional pathway of sound transmission. The use of bone conduction gadgets will afford clear communication in high-intensity noise environments.

EFFECT OF ATTENUATED MAGNETIC FIELD ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIVER AND SPLEEN IN EMBRYONIC JAPANESE QUAIL

Expectation of remote space missions and long-term stay and work on the Moon with the magnetic field 1,000 times weaker than on Earth sets the researchers the formidable task to investigate effects of the hypomagnetic environment on living organisms. The paper reports data about the liver and spleen development in Japanese quail embryos of various age exposed in a modeled lunar magnetic field. Retardation of hemopoiesis was observed as in the first generation embryos (F1), so in sequential embryo generations developed in the ordinary magnetic environment (F2).

ACTIN CYTOSKELETON ORGANIZATION IN OOCYTES AT VARIOUS STAGES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER OOGENESIS AFTER EXPOSURE IN A MICROGRAVITY SIMULATOR OVER THE COMPLETE GAMETOGENESIS CYCLE

The paper deals with the effects of modeled microgravity on actin cytoskeleton in oocytes at various stages of Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis over the complete gametogenesis cycle. Total actin content and F-actin singly was determined using immunohistochemical analysis. The results point to the growth of both total beta-actin and its polymer recognized by phalloidin. This finding can have key implications for evaluation of risks for the reproductive potential from the spaceflight factors.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO THE CREWS OF A PILOTED SPACE SYSTEM: HISTORY, GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND EFFECTIVENESS

Psychological support to the crew is crucial for the space mission accomplishment, and cosmonauts' professional longevity. In advance of remote space exploration mission we need to sum up the accumulated knowledge and lessons. The paper gives a retrospect of the psychological support to space crews and highlights its basic goals and methods.

INVESTIGATION OF FEMALE TOLERANCE OF THE HEAD-TO-FOOT G-LOADS ON A SHORT-ARM CENTRIFUGE BEFORE AND AFTER 8-DAY ISOLATION

The main purpose of the pioneered Russian study was to compare tolerance of head-to-foot g-loads (+Gz) by female and male subjects rotated on a short-arm centrifuge before and after 8-d isolation using the subjective and objective data. Results of the investigation demonstrated compatibility of g-tolerance by men and women. However, during the runs before isolation heart rate in female subjects grew significantly in comparison to the male subjects. Though higher in women, dynamics of blood pressure measured at the earlobe and arm was not statistically different from the male data.

ОПЫТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ МКС ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ НАУЧНОЙ АППАРАТУРЫ «БАР». ЧАСТЬ 1. АКУСТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИБОРЫ

The paper presents the results of operational testing of two acoustic components of research equipment «Bar» (a leak detector and ultrasound analyzer) onboard the ISS Russian segment. It was found that the ultrasonic (US) background noise interferes in leak search; besides, it exceeds dramatically the adopted noise level constraint thus impacting crew health and efficiency, and oral communication. The narrow-band noise spectra were measured and the expressed tone property of the US noise was demonstrated. The authors make the point that the present noise level constraints for space habitats do not take into account all realities of the life of cosmonauts and lack a solid medical and acoustic background.

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL TELE-MONITORING OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF ORGANISM

We performed analysis of the available Russian home-use health monitoring devices that can be connected to a smartphone or pad for data transfer. Specifically, we sought for the gadgets capable to register heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, blood glucose, and respiration rate. There are three options of data processing and storage. Namely, these are storage in and authorized access to the manufacturer's site with minimal opportunity of data handling and interpretation; an autonomous server to hold and handle big data sets and, finally, access protocols and templates enabling gadget integration with external services.