Adic Topologies for the Rational Integers

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Broughan

AbstractA topology on ℤ, which gives a nice proof that the set of prime integers is infinite, is characterised and examined. It is found to be homeomorphic to ℚ, with a compact completion homeomorphic to the Cantor set. It has a natural place in a family of topologies on ℤ, which includes the p-adics, and one in which the set of rational primes ℙ is dense. Examples from number theory are given, including the primes and squares, Fermat numbers, Fibonacci numbers and k-free numbers.

Author(s):  
Jan C. A. Boeyens

The discovery of material periodicity must rank as one of the major achievements of mankind. It reveals an ordered reality despite the gloomy pronouncements of quantum philosophers. Periodicity only appears in closed systems with well-defined boundary conditions. This condition excludes an infinite Euclidean universe and all forms of a chaotic multiverse. Manifestations of cosmic order were observed and misinterpreted by the ancients as divine regulation of terrestrial events, dictated by celestial intervention. Analysis of observed patterns developed into the ancient sciences of astrology, alchemy and numerology, which appeared to magically predict the effects of the macrocosm on the microcosm. The sciences of astronomy and chemistry have by now managed to outgrow the magic connotation, but number theory remains suspect as a scientific pursuit. The relationship between Fibonacci numbers and cosmic self-similarity is constantly being confused with spurious claims of religious and mystic codes, imagined to be revealed through the golden ratio in the architecture of the Great Pyramid and other structures such as the Temple of Luxor. The terminology which is shared by number theory and numerology, such as perfect number, magic number, tetrahedral number and many more, contributes to the confusion. It is not immediately obvious that number theory does not treat 3 as a sacred number, 13 as unlucky and 666 as an apocalyptic threat. The relationship of physical systems to numbers is no more mysterious nor less potent than to differential calculus. Like a differential equation, number theory does not dictate, but only describes physical behavior. The way in which number theory describes the periodicity of matter, atomic structure, superconductivity, electronegativity, bond order, and covalent interaction was summarized in a recent volume. The following brief summary of these results is augmented here by a discussion of atomic and molecular polarizabilities, as derived by number theory, and in all cases specified in relation to the grand periodic function that embodies self-similarity over all space-time.


2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLO SANNA

The quotient set of $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ is defined as $R(A):=\{a/b:a,b\in A,b\neq 0\}$. Using algebraic number theory in $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})$, Garcia and Luca [‘Quotients of Fibonacci numbers’, Amer. Math. Monthly, to appear] proved that the quotient set of Fibonacci numbers is dense in the $p$-adic numbers $\mathbb{Q}_{p}$ for all prime numbers $p$. For any integer $k\geq 2$, let $(F_{n}^{(k)})_{n\geq -(k-2)}$ be the sequence of $k$-generalised Fibonacci numbers, defined by the initial values $0,0,\ldots ,0,1$ ($k$ terms) and such that each successive term is the sum of the $k$ preceding terms. We use $p$-adic analysis to generalise the result of Garcia and Luca, by proving that the quotient set of $k$-generalised Fibonacci numbers is dense in $\mathbb{Q}_{p}$ for any integer $k\geq 2$ and any prime number $p$.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gómez

In this article we investigate on the representation of Fibonacci numbers in the form x^a \pm x^b pm 1, for x in the sequence of Mersenne and Fermat numbers.


Author(s):  
Hugh L. Montgomery ◽  
Robert C. Vaughan
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