Slow Booms and Deep Busts: 160 Years of Business Cycles in Spain

This paper introduces an economically important new idea for detrending macroeconomic time series and examines the Spanish business cycle pattern with respect to potential asymmetries. To address difficulties in the trend and cycle decomposition, a nonparametric trend estimation approach is introduced and exemplary applied to the Spanish GDP data for the period 1850 to 2015. The application of an iterative plug-in (IPI) algorithm for endogenous bandwidth selection solves the problem of choosing an adequate smoothing parameter for nonparametric regression. The algorithm identifies continuously