Mathematics probably ranks as the Greeks’ greatest achievement, in the eyes of many modern scientists. And amongst the general public it is fair to say that some Greek mathematicians are better known than any other figures from antiquity, with the possible exception of Alexander the Great. For example, Pythagoras, Euclid, and Archimedes are household names two thousand years after they lived and wrote their mathematics. The Greek alphabet, or some of it anyway, is widely known today because modern mathematics uses it by preference for symbols. For example, α, β, and θ for angles, the amazing π, Σ as the summation sign, and the χ-square test. The Greeks gave us ‘square’ and ‘cube’ numbers, e.g. 22 and 33. ‘Squaring the circle’ is modern English idiom for an impossible task – the original task, set by the Greeks, being the mathematical problem of constructing a square with the same area as a given circle. Aristophanes mentions this problem. Famously, Plato forbade the geometrically-challenged to enter his Academy. He also found mathematically interesting numbers for his ideal Republic. Greek mathematical texts are rich in mathematical concepts, methods, and results. Like Greek plays, they contain timeless insights and truths. Also like literary works they require analysis and interpretation.