Independent nuclear motility is involved in many important aspects of fungal life cycles, including the following: nuclear division; population of hyphal tip cells, branches, and spores with nuclei; dikaryotization; and karyogamy. Spindle pole bodies are almost constantly in motion during all phases of the nuclear cycle, and they have been linked to most instances of independent nuclear motility. A role for microtubules in this process is now well established, and research is being focused on which set of them, astral or cytoplasmic, is utilized as well as on the microtubule-associated motor proteins that may generate the force. In some cases, F-actin may interact with the microtubules or even provide an alternative cytoskeleton supporting nuclear migration. Hyphal tip growth and independent nuclear motility are coordinated and interrelated processes, making the elucidation of the signals, processes, and structures involved an attractive area for further research. Key words: actin, microtubule, microtubule associated protein, microtubule organizing center, motility, nucleus.
