scholarly journals Variation of beneficial effects of Trichoderma harzianum by the maize variety under water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
J. Chepsergon ◽  
L. A. Mwamburi ◽  
K. E. Kiprop
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Maize Variety

The aim of the study was to out whether the beneficial effect of T. harzianum in enhancing maize seed germination and seedling growth under water stress is dependent on the maize variety soil samples were collected from Marigat Rangeland, Kenya. Trichoderma harzianum was isolated using macro and micro-morphological characteristics. The present study employed a three-factor factorial (3 x 2 x 2) design, arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in percentage germination, seedling length, fresh weight, shoot-root dry weight, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities among the three varieties of maize. In addition, significant differences in seed germinations, seedling growth parameters and antioxidant enzyme enzymes were recorded between treated and control plants among the three varieties of maize. Maize variety had no significant influence on the beneficial activity of T. harzianum.

scholarly journals Respons bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskular dan cekaman air [Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedling response to application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and water stress]

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viva RINI ◽  
Usnaqul EFRIYANI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Glomus Sp

 The objective of this study was to determine the response of oil palm seedling to the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) subjected to water stress.  The treatment design used was a factorial design 2 x 5 arranged in completely randomized design.  The first factor was application of AMF i.e. without AMF (control) and inoculation with AMF (mixture of Glomus sp., Entropospora sp., and Gigaspora sp.).  The second factor was water stress i.e. no watering for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at the end of experiment.  Data obtained were subjected to Bartlett test to examine the treatment variance, and Tukey tests to examine additiveness of the data, and continued by analysis of variance. The results showed that application of AMF increased oil palm seedling growth through the increase in seedling height, number of leave, shoot fresh and dry weight, and percent of root infection.  Duration of water stress significantly affected oil palm seedling growth by decreasing plant height, number of leave, shot and root fresh weight, root dry weight. However, at any level of water stress, the AMF inoculated seedling had better growth compared to those control palms.[Key words: oil palm seedling, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), water stress] AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) terhadap respons pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit yang mengalami cekaman air. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial 2x5 dalam rancangan kelompok teracak sempurna (RKTS) dengan lima ulangan.  Faktor pertama adalah aplikasi FMA, yaitu kontrol (tanpa FMA) dan diberi FMA (campuran Glomus sp., Entropospora sp., dan Gigaspora sp.).  Faktor kedua adalah lamanya cekaman air, yaitu 0, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari tanpa disiram sebelum penelitian dihentikan.  Data yang diperoleh diuji kesamaan ragam antar perlakuannya dengan Uji Bartlett dan kemenambahan modelnya dengan Uji Tukey.  Jika asumsi terpenuhi, ragam homogen dan data bersifat menambah, maka data dianalisis ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi FMA meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit melalui peningkatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot basah tajuk, bobot kering tajuk, dan persen infeksi akar. Lamanya cekaman air menurunkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit melalui penurunan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah akar primer, bobot basah tajuk, bobot basah akar, bobot kering tajuk, dan bobot kering akar, akan tetapi pada setiap  taraf cekaman air, pertumbuhan bibit yang ber-FMA lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa FMA.[Kata kunci: bibit kelapa sawit, fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA), cekaman air]

scholarly journals Germination and initial development of Simira gardneriana seedling under water stress and at different temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrícia N. de Oliveira ◽  
Jessica R. de Oliveira ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Rômulo M. O. de Freitas ◽  
Narjara W. Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The germination of seeds is affected by many factors, including water availability and temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water stress and different temperatures on germination and initial development of S. gardneriana M. R. Barbosa & Peixoto seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 7 x 4 factorial scheme, with seven potentials (0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4; -0.5 and - 0.6 MPa) and four temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 20-30 °C), with four replicates of 25 seeds. The analyzed variables were germination, percentage of normal seedlings, germination speed index, seedling length (shoot and root) and dry weight (shoot and root). There is a decrease in the germination and vigor of the seeds as the water potential decreases, being less affected under the temperature of 25 °C and very accelerated at 35 °C. The tolerance of S. gardneriana seed germination to water stress is variable between the temperatures and limiting to the formation of normal seedlings from the potential -0.5 MPa at temperatures of 25 to 30 °C and -0.4 and -0.2 MPa for 20-30 and 35 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals Germination and seedling growth of Sesbania species as influenced by seed size

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322
Author(s):  
SC Chanda ◽  
AM Mridul ◽  
A Sagar ◽  
AKMG Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Systematics ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Sesbania Spp

An experiment was carried out at Plant Systematics Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to find out the effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth of three Sesbania species. Seed size was graded as small (3.1–3.5 mm), medium (3.6–4.0 mm) and large (4.1–4.5 mm); and three Sesbania species viz. S. bispinosa, S. cannabina and S. sesban, were used as experimental materials. The treatments were arranged in factorial experiment laid in completely randomized design having four replications. Though the effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth parameters followed similar trend, significant differences were observed among these three Sesbania species. Medium-sized seed produced the highest percentage of emergence and germination, and large-sized seed produced the highest seedling length, vigour index, and total biomass; although the numerical values did not differ statistically. The small-sized seeds were poor performer in all aspect of germination and seedling growth descriptors. The correlation matrix analyses showed that seed size, both length and/or width, highly correlated with root and seedling length, base diameter, vigour index and biomass yield of Sesbania spp. The medium to large-sized seed sown at relatively higher seed rate could be helpful for higher biomass yield of Sesbania spp. especially at the early growth stages.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 316-322, 2017

scholarly journals Effects of Salinity Stress on Emergence and Seedling Growth Parameters of Some Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Konuşkan ◽  
Hüseyin Gözübenli ◽  
İbrahim Atiş ◽  
Mehmet Atak
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes

Maize is a very important cereal all over the world and generally cultivated in irrigated agricultural areas. Salinity affects adversely maize productivity in these areas. Maize is known as a salt sensitive species. The salt tolerance level identification in the large genetic resources and breeding populations is an important research topic for solving the salinity problem. The effects of NaCl stress on germination and seedling growth of fifteen maize genotypes were investigated in this study. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl were settled 0 (distilled water), 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dS m-1. This investigation was performed as factorial arrangement of completely randomized design with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that genotypes, salinity levels and interaction between genotype x salinity were significant for all the investigated treatments emergence index (EI), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), and salt tolerance indexes (STI). Results also revealed that the highest reduction in emergence index (59.7%) were obtained in the highest level (12 dS m-1) of salinity. The results further revealed that the cultivars named DKC 6589, PR31G98, and PR31A34 were the most tolerant genotypes than the others under NaCI stress.

IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS APPLICATION ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF VIGNA RADIATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA DIXIT ◽  
R. K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Length

Currently, a real challenge for the workers in the agricultural research field is to stop or reduce the use of expensive agrochemicals/ chemical fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment as well as human health. Present study was aimed to improve the growth and obtain optimum yield of Vigna crop with eco-friendly, non-toxic way and to reduce the use of agrochemical/chemical fertilizer application in agricultural activities. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of chemical fertilizer (DAP) and biofertilizer ( Rhizobium strain) separately and in combination on seed germination and seedling growth (at 30 days) based on morphological parameters such as seedling length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm)2 of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. After one month (30 Days) observations, it was found that seedling length, fresh and dry weights and leaf area were maximum in T4 and minimum in T15, T7 and T8 favored improved seedling length and leaf area whereas T7, T8, and T9 favored improved fresh and dry weights as compared to control.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid and nitrogen efficiently protect early seedlings growth stage from salt stress damage in Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Yousif Adam Ali ◽  
Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim ◽  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir ◽  
Aboagla Mohammed Ibrahim Elsiddig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Stress Damage

AbstractSalinity one of environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of crops. This research was done to investigate whether GA3 (0, 144.3, 288.7 and 577.5 μM) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1) could mitigate the negative impacts of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on emergence percentage, seedling growth and some biochemical parameters. The results showed that high salinity level decreased emergence percentage, seedling growth, relative water content, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (POD), but increased soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The SOD activity was decreased by nitrogen. However, the other measurements were increased by nitrogen. The interactive impact between nitrogen and salinity was significant in most parameters except EP, CAT and POD. The seedling length, dry weight, fresh weight, emergence percentage, POD, soluble protein and chlorophyll content were significantly affected by the interaction between GA3 and salinity. The GA3 and nitrogen application was successful mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. The level of 144.3 and 288.7 μm GA3 and the rate of 90 and 135 kg N ha−1 were most effective on many of the attributes studied. Our study suggested that GA3 and nitrogen could efficiently protect early seedlings growth from salinity damage.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Semai Sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria (L.) Nielsen) Pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Kapur Dengan Penambahan Pupuk Kompos Dan NPK

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Siti Halimatus Sa'idah
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Limestone mining activities are damaging soil and enviroment. Revegetation becomes an obligation on every mining sites. Paraserianthes falcataria is one of many species that suitable to be planted in revegetation site. Adding compost and NPK fertilizer can improve soil’s condition. This research objective is to analyze the effect of compost and NPK fertilizer on Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings growth and the exact appropriate dosage for limestone mining’s soil condition improvement. The design used in this research is completely randomized design with two factors. The result shows that addtion of compost on tailing media doesn’t give major effect or statistically not significant on seedling growth of height, diameter, the amount of root nodules, and shoot-root ratio, but statistically significant on wet and dry weight of the seedlings. NPK fertilizer addition on tailing media is statistically significant on the seedling growth of diameter, wet weight, and shoot-root ratio, but not significant different on height, dry weight, and the amount of root nodules. Interaction between compost and NPK fertilizer on media gives effect only at 95% of confidence level. K1N5 sample (with 100 gram composts and 5 gram of NPK fertilizer) gives the best respond on seedling’s growth. Very high levels of Ca in the soil medium will be toxic to the Paraserianthes Falcataria plant.Keywords: Compost, limestone mining, NPK fertilizer, Paraserianthes falcataria

scholarly journals The Use of Germination Indices for Salinity Tolerance Classification of Pepper Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Gamze Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germination Indices

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals Exogenous Antioxidants Enhance Seedling Growth and Yield of Artificially Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Ademola Adetunji ◽  
Sershen ◽  
Boby Varghese ◽  
Norman Pammenter
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Aged Seeds

Aged seeds exhibit compromised vigour in terms of germination, seedling emergence and growth, but this can to some extent be alleviated by invigoration treatments before sowing. This study aimed to investigate ageing rates and patterns in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds and whether the beneficial effects of invigorating aged seeds with exogenous antioxidants translate to enhanced seedling performance. Seeds were artificially aged to 25% viability before soaking in 0.4 mM glycerol, 0.6 mM GSH and 0.2 mM trolox for cabbage, and 0.6 mM glycerol, GSH and trolox for lettuce; deionised water served as a control. After 14 days of sowing, seedling emergence percentage, mean emergence time, mean daily emergence, and time taken to 25% emergence were computed. Seedling vigour index, root and shoot dry weight, root:shoot ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf chlorophyll content were assessed 6 weeks after sowing. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured 6 weeks after sowing. Notably, ageing resulted in the loss of seed vigour and viability at higher rates in lettuce than cabbage. Seed pretreatment with glycerol promoted seedling growth in both species and shoot dry weight in lettuce, while glycerol and GSH enhanced Pn, Gs and E in lettuce. Trolox also enhanced Pn and E in lettuce. The beneficial effects of the antioxidant treatments are thought to be associated with the protection of photosystems from oxidative stress and/or stimulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, possibly through an enhanced antioxidant defence system during the early development stages when seedlings are particularly vulnerable to stress.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
AHMAD TAOFIK ◽  
SOFIYA HASANI ◽  
AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽  
BUDY FRASETYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

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