Glomus mosseae and Pseudomonas fluorescens Application Sustains Yield and Promote Tolerance to Water Stress in Helianthus annuus L.

The inoculation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can significantly enhance its growth and yield in a sustainable manner. Drought tolerance is mediated by a combination of direct AMF and PGPR benefits that boost the plant’s natural ability to cope with stress, whereas drought mitigation is mediated by indirect AMF and PGPR benefits and increased water uptake. An experiment was carried out to demonstrate the interactive effects of AMF (Glomus mosseae) alone or in association with PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) under water-stressed conditions in order to assess their biofertilizer efficiency. Accordingly, various morphological and biochemical parameters were studied, and the results suggested that all the co-inoculation treatments displayed beneficial effects. Still, the combination of G. mosseae + P. fluorescens showed the maximum increment in all the parameters considered, i.e., plant height and weight, leaves length and width, number of leaves per plant, specific leaf weight, relative leaf water content (RLWC), photosynthetic efficiency, seed length, width, and area, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per flower, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, flower and head diameter, harvest index, oil content, fatty acid composition (palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and linoleic acid), and total yield. The improvement in different parameters may be attributed to the increased availability of nutrients due to the symbiotic association of AMF and PGPR with plant roots along with enhanced root structures for more water absorption under stressed conditions. Therefore, the results suggested that they offer a promising bio-control strategy for crop protection as biofertilizers combined in one formulation.

REVISÃO: MICRORGANISMOS PROMOTORES DE CRESCIMENTO APLICADOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MORANGOS

Introdução: Os microrganismos desempenham funções fundamentais no desenvolvimento vegetal. Eles atuam como catalizadores na obtenção de nutrientes indispensáveis para o seu crescimento e indutores de respostas contra patógenos e estresses abióticos. É de comum acordo que a sustentabilidade se tornou uma obrigatoriedade para o desenvolvimento e integralização da sociedade, principalmente na agricultura que é uma atividade indispensável e que pode acarretar danos severos ao meio ambiente quando praticada inconsequentemente. A cultura do morango é um exemplo, o estado de Minas Gerais lidera a produção nacional com 2,8 mil ha cultivados e que essencialmente necessitam de alternativas ecologicamente viáveis para sua manutenção. Objetivo: Sendo assim, o presente trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de revisar a literatura e proporcionar um breve estudo de caso sobre as pesquisas acerca de microrganismos promotores de crescimento aplicados à cultura do morango, apontando quais vem sendo estudados e como podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento e produção. Material e Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas em diversas plataformas de pesquisa, o critério adotado foi o termo “strawberry inoculation” como palavra chave assim recorrendo a trabalhos relevantes que contemplassem o caráter descritivo e científico da aplicação de inóculos bacterianos e fúngicos em cultivares de morango. Resultados: Os trabalhos revisados evidenciaram o benefício que os microrganismos acarretam na obtenção de nutrientes como P, K, Ca e Fe, seja com sua acumulação no solo ou nos tecidos foliares (Bacillus sp.e Aspergillus sp.), também possibilitando na redução da adubação nitrogenada e incremento do tamanho e matéria seca da raiz (Azospirillum brasiliense). Respostas na indução de tolerância a seca são promovidas (Glomus mosseae), como também o biocontrole do fungo necrotrófico Botrytis cinerea (várias espécies de Bacillus sp.). Melhoras na qualidade dos frutos também são proporcionados como aumento de compostos flavonóides e fenólicos (Glomus intraradices) e o aumento dos açúcares, antocianinas, modulação do pH, ácido málico e compostos voláteis (Pseudomonas sp.+ Funneliformis mosseae, Septoglomus viscosum, Rhizophagus irregulares. Conclusão: Visto o atual advento na produção de inoculantes de natureza biológica este estudo expõe diversos trabalhos que podem contribuir como inspiração tecno científica para a elaboração de novas pesquisas e produtos, além de contribuir na disseminação de conhecimentos sobre microbiologia e sustentabilidade agrícola.

Interaction between mycorrhizal fertilizers and varieties to increase organic patchouli production in the Entisol soil of Aceh Besar

The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effect of the use of mycorrhizal biofertilizers and varieties to increase the production of organic patchouli on the Entisol soil of Aceh Besar. This study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor observed was mycorrhizal biofertilizer from the various genus, namely Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora sp. and the mixed genus of Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp. While the second factor is the use of varieties, namely Tapak Tuan and the Lhokseumawe variety. The results showed that the best interactions on the growth and production, P205 uptake, and oil content were found in the mixed mycorrhizal genus (Glomus mosseae + Gigaspora sp.) with the Tapak Tuan variety. From the patchouli alcohol content test results, the best results were obtained in a combination of mixed mycorrhizal biofertilizers and the Tapak Tuan variety by 30%.

Effectiveness of using the dose of mycorrhiza bio-fertilizers to increase growth and production of red paprika (Capsicum annum L.) in Ultisol Aceh

Using dose mycorrhizal bio-fertilizers can spur the growth and production of red paprika (Capsicum annum L.) on Ultisol Aceh. Besides that, it can also increase root colonization by mycorrhizal and P2O5 uptake, which red paprika plants need to produce high growth and yield. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of dose bio-fertilizer mycorrhizal on the growth and production of red paprika in Ultisols Aceh. The research was arranged by a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. The investigated factor was the dose of bio-fertilizer mycorrhizal from local specific strain mixing between Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp. The dose of the mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer used was control (without mycorrhizal) of each plant, 5, 10, and 15 gram. The observed parameters were plant height and stem diameter of red paprika at 15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting; additionally, the parameter of red paprika production was observed at 125 days after transplanting and P2O5 uptake and root colonization by mycorrhizae at 60 days after transplanting. The results showed that the best dose of mycorrhizal bio-fertilizers on growth and production, root colonization, P2O5 uptake was found in the treatment of doses of 10-gram mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer for each plant.

Pengaruh Inokulasi Glomus mosseae terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Artemisia cina Berg ex Poljakov

Artemisia cina is a wild herbaceous plant that has secondary metabolites as a source of antioxidants. The addition of mycorrhizal species Glomus mosseae can increase the antioxidant activity of plants Artemisia cina. This study aims to determine the effect of mycorrhizal Glomus mosseae on the growth and content of antioxidant compounds in Artemisia cina. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with four levels of treatment, namely: media without G. mosseae (control), media with G. mosseae 5,10 and 15 g with 5 replications for each treatment. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, 5th leaf length and width, wet and dry weight, root length, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols were also observed. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. The results showed that the treatment Glomus mosseae with a dose of 15 g was significantly different from the control on plant growth parameters, number of leaves, root length, wet weight and dry weight of plants, and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in plants. Treatment of Glomus mosseae 15 g on the test results of antioxidant compounds also showed the highest content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, phenols and flavonoids from the statistical test results found in the 15 g treatment, respectively, namely 6,405 g/ml; 0.766 g/ml; 70.9 g/ml; and 335 g/ml had a significant difference to the control treatment. While the results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method showed that the control treatment had the highest antioxidant activity with an ICvalue50 of 9,494 g/ml. The results showed that the mycorrhizal species of G. mosseae increased the growth and content of antioxidant compounds inplants A. cina.

Unravelling the Role of Glomus mosseae in the Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Background: Salinity stress remains a chronic threat to pulses productivity in India. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a major role which influences plant growth, nutrient uptake and contributes to ecosystem processes under salt stress. The present study aims, to demonstrate the impact of Glomus mosseae (Gm), on physio-biochemical attributes of mungbean exposed to salinity. Methods: Two highly tolerant, two moderately susceptible and two highly susceptible mungbean lines were subjected to salinity stress alone and in presence of Gm under greenhouse. Result: Results revealed that Gm alleviates the salinity stress related alterations by improving the nutrient uptake and by balancing the ratio between K:Na, which impact directly the osmoregulation of the plants. Mycorrhiza inoculation also increased the proline content (23%), water-use efficiency (38%) and activity of different antioxidant enzymes in a significant manner providing efficient protection against salinity stress. All these positive impacts of Gm were duly reflected in a significant increase in grain yield (more than 2 fold increase) in mungbean. Interestingly, salt-induced retarded growth and decline in other biochemical parameters in susceptible lines recorded remarkable recovery following Gm inoculation.

إختبار عزلات مختلفة من فطريات المايكورايزا للسيطرة على مرض العفن الابيض على الباذنجان المتسبب عن الفطر Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

نفذت التجربة في حقول كلية الزراعة جامعة تكريت قيمت فيها كفاءة عزلات من فطريات المايكورايزا في مقاومة مرض العفن الابيض السكليروشي على الباذنجان المتسبب عن الفطر Sclerotinia sclerotiorum فاختبرت خمس عزلات من هذه الفطريات هي Glomus mosseae , Glomus intaticum, ,Glomus fasciculatum Scutllospora و Gigaspore marsirita – وقد شخصت مورولوجيا في مختبرات الكلية لتقييم كفاءتها في التأثير على المرض ، نشطت عزلات المايكورايزا المختارة بتنميتها في اصص مع جذور البصل لتهيئة اللقاح الابتدائي ، اخذ هذا اللقاح المتمثل بمنطقة الجذور المصابة بالمايكورايزا والتربة المحيطة بها ونفذت التجربة في اصص داخل البيوت البلاستيكية وفق التصميم التام التعشية CRD لدراسة تاثير هذا التلقيح في تثبيط الفطر الممرض Sclerotinia sclerotiorum وتحفيز نمو نبات الباذنجان واظهرت النتائج تفوق معاملة Gigaspore marsirita اعلى نسبة اصابة بالخيوط الفطرية المايكورايزية فكانت 80% في حين لم تسجل معاملة المقارنة اي اصابة تذكر فكانت 0% اما في صفة الوزن الحاف والطري فقد تفوقت المعاملة بالعزلة Glomus mosseae فجاءت ب23.41 و 200.52 غم على التوالي وقد احتفظت معاملة Glomus mosseae في الصدارة بخفض نسبة وشدة الاصابة فكانت 21.42 و 11.7% اما في كمية الفسفور فقد بقيت المعاملة لالعزلة نفسها تتصدر ب 0.49 ملغم/ غم في حسن سجلت معاملة المقارنة 0.23 ملغم /غم وفي كمية الزنك كانت 82 ppm لمعاملة Glomus mosseae فيما بلغت معاملة المقارنة37 ppm

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF BACOPA MONNIERI TREATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE FUNGI GLOMUS FASCICULATUM AND GLOMUS MOSSEAE.

Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) play a crucial role in enhancing the growth of plant by increasing the uptake of nutrients from soil and also is known to enhance the secondary metabolites of plants. The response of VAM Glomus fasciculatum Glomus mosseae and on the growth, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of commonly known a Bacopa monnieri s Brahmi was carried out. was treated with both pure cultures individually and mixe B.monnieri d culture in (1:1) ratio along with uninoculated sample as control and gown in polyhouse condition for varying intervals. The physiological parameters, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant scavenging activities were analysed after 30, 60 and 90 days of VAM inoculation, respectively. Colonization of VAM was seen in the plant samples signifying the symbiotic association. Physiological analysis showed an increase in shoot, root and wet weight of with B. monnieri increase in time The preliminary phytochemical analysis inferred the methanol . ic leaf extracts of treated with B.monnieri Gf, Gm and Gf+Gmcontained alkaloids, avonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids and carbohydrates which increased quantitatively with time.DPPH free radical scavenging activity showed escalation in result with increase in time of treatment with showinghigher G. fasciculatum scavenging activity compared to and the mixed cultures