Psychosocial assessment rather than severity of liver failure dominates selection for liver transplantation in patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Daniel ◽  
LA Matthews ◽  
N Deiss‐Yehiely ◽  
J Myers ◽  
M Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Psychosocial Assessment ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Wilson disease: more than meets the eye

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1112) ◽  
pp. 335.2-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Kelly ◽  
Marinos Pericleous
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Wilson Disease ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
High Mortality Risk ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Wilson disease is a rare but important disorder of copper metabolism, with a failure to excrete copper appropriately into bile. It is a multisystem condition with presentations across all branches of medicine. Diagnosis can be difficult and requires a high index of suspicion. It should be considered in unexplained liver disease particularly where neuropsychiatric features are also present. Treatments are available for all stages of disease. A particularly important presentation not to overlook is acute liver failure which carries a high mortality risk and may require urgent liver transplantation. Here, we provide an overview of this complex condition.

Liver failure

2020 ◽  
pp. 3089-3100
Author(s):  
Jane Macnaughtan ◽  
Rajiv Jalan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure

Liver failure occurs when loss of hepatic parenchymal function exceeds the capacity of hepatocytes to regenerate or repair liver injury. Acute liver failure is characterized by jaundice and prolongation of the prothrombin time in the context of recent acute liver injury, with hepatic encephalopathy occurring within 8 weeks of the first onset of liver disease. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is characterized by hepatic and/or extrahepatic organ failure in patients with cirrhosis associated with an identified or unidentified precipitating event. The commonest causes of acute liver failure are acute viral hepatitis and drugs. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is most commonly precipitated by infection, alcohol abuse, and superimposed viral infection. The main clinical manifestations are hepatic encephalopathy, coagulopathy, jaundice, renal dysfunction, and haemodynamic instability. Infection and systemic inflammation contribute to pathogenesis and critically contribute to prognosis. Specific therapy for the underlying liver disease is administered when available, but this is not possible for most causes of liver failure. Treatment is predominantly supportive, with particular emphasis on (1) correction or removal of precipitating factors; (2) if encephalopathy is present, using phosphate enemata, nonhydrolysed disaccharide laxatives, and/or rifaximin; (3) early detection and prompt treatment of complications such as hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, cerebral oedema, infection, and bleeding. The onset of organ failure should prompt discussion with a liver transplantation centre. The mortality of acute liver failure (without liver transplantation) is about 40%. Patients with acute liver failure who do not develop encephalopathy can be expected to recover completely. Those who recover from an episode of acute-on-chronic liver failure should be considered for liver transplantation because otherwise their subsequent mortality remains high.

scholarly journals Stem Cell-Related Studies and Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Liver Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Erek D. Nelson ◽  
Anan A. Abu Rmilah ◽  
Bruce P. Amiot ◽  
Scott L. Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
End Stage

Owing to the increasing worldwide burden of liver diseases, the crucial need for safe and effective interventions for treating end-stage liver failure has been a very productive line of inquiry in the discipline of hepatology for many years. Liver transplantation is recognized as the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease; however, the shortage of donor organs, high medical costs, and lifelong use of immunosuppressive agents represent major drawbacks and demand exploration for alternative treatments. Stem cell-based therapies have been widely studied in the field of liver diseases and are considered to be among the most promising therapies. Herein, we review recent advances in the application of stem cell-related therapies in liver disease with the aim of providing readers with relevant knowledge in this field and inspiration to spur further inquiry.

scholarly journals Liver transplantation in advanced liver failure: Neurologic outcome in acute versus chronic liver disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 937-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael I. Youssef ◽  
Kevin D. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Neurologic Outcome

Section 12. Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Patients with High Model for End-stage Liver Disease Scores and Acute Liver Failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. S46-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshimi Kaido ◽  
Koji Tomiyama ◽  
Kohei Ogawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Fujimoto ◽  
Takashi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Living Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Donor Liver ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
End Stage

scholarly journals Concomittant Liver Transplantation And  Low Anterior Resection in Patient with  Neuroendocrine Tumor and Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adem Tuncer ◽  
Mehmet Zeki Öğüt ◽  
Sertac Usta ◽  
Sami Akbulut ◽  
Tevfik Tolga Sahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Anterior Resection ◽  
Low Anterior Resection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Aim: The treatment of end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation. There are studies regarding liver transplantation in patients with colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor liver metastasis indicating comparable results with patients who were transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of the present study is to present a case of a patient with Hepatitis B virus related chronic liver disease and rectal neuroendocrine tumor who underwent concomitant living donor liver transplantation and low anterior resection. Case report: The patients was a 62 years old male patient with hepatitis B virus related end-stage liver failure and a rectal neuroendocrine tumor determined during colonoscopy surveillance. Model for end stage liver disease score was 21 and had two episodes of life-threatening variceal bleeding. We performed living donor liver transplantation and low anterior resection to the patient. Currently patient is doing well 2 years after the operation. Conclusion: Our case is the first in literature showing concomitant liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus related liver failure and rectal resection for neuroendocrine tumor. These procedures can be performed synchronously provided that the etiology of liver failure is unrelated to neuroendocrine tumor and the primary tumor has favorable tumor biologic characteristics. We reviewed the English literature, we did not find any case who underwent rectal NET surgery and HBV-related liver transplantation in the same operation. We wanted to present this first case in the literature.

scholarly journals Moving Forward to New Trends in Liver Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
Alessandro Parente ◽  
Vincenzo Ronca
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Fulminant Liver Failure ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
End Stage

Liver transplantation (LT) is the only recognized effective treatment for end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and acute fulminant liver failure [...]

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