Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

This chapter analyzes the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), the creation of which was regarded as the culmination of the Caribbean’s long and protracted process toward independence from its former colonizers. Formally, the CCJ was instantaneously empowered to hear cases involving Caribbean Community law (Community law). The CCJ was also empowered to replace the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in London—a last court of appeal for civil and criminal cases from the Caribbean and the most visible remnant of the British Empire’s former rule. The CCJ’s unique double jurisdiction—original over Community law and appellate over other civil and criminal matters—underscores the complex sociopolitical context and transformation of which it is a part. Ultimately, the CCJ’s growing authority has increasingly made the Court the institutional intersection for the convergence of these two different paths toward establishing the Caribbean as a legally integrated regional unity.

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ADHD Endophenotypes in Caribbean Families

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054718763741 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (14) ◽

pp. 2100-2114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. L. Cervantes-Henríquez ◽

J. E. Acosta-López ◽

M. L. Martínez-Banfi ◽

J. I. Vélez ◽

E. Mejía-Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Verbal Fluency ◽

Rate Sensitivity ◽

Semantic Fluency ◽

Classification Rate ◽

Mental Control ◽

Adhd Diagnosis ◽

Caribbean Community ◽

Neuropsychological Tasks ◽

Caribbean Families ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: The aim of this study is to contrast the genetics of neuropsychological tasks in individuals from nuclear families clustering ADHD in a Caribbean community. Method: We recruited and clinically characterized 408 individuals using an extensive battery of neuropsychological tasks. The genetic variance underpinning these tasks was estimated by heritability. A predictive framework for ADHD diagnosis was derived using these tasks. Results: We found that individuals with ADHD differed from controls in tasks of mental control, visuospatial ability, visuoverbal memory, phonological and verbal fluency, verbal and semantic fluency, cognitive flexibility, and cognitive ability. Among them, tasks of mental control, visuoverbal memory, phonological fluency, semantic verbal fluency, and intelligence had a significant heritability. A predictive model of ADHD diagnosis using these endophenotypes yields remarkable classification rate, sensitivity, specificity, and precision values (above 80%). Conclusion: We have dissected new cognitive endophenotypes in ADHD that can be suitable to assess the neurobiological and genetic basis of ADHD.

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