This chapter explores fluoroscopic procedures and the ways in which they are used by cardiologists to assist them in making a correct diagnosis and providing appropriate therapeutic measures to patients. These procedures are being performed more frequently and have become more complex over the past three decades. An overview of basic radiation physics and biology is provided, along with definitions of commonly used measurements of radiation dose. Specific factors influencing procedural radiation doses are also discussed. Particular attention is given to the potential hazards associated with increasing radiation exposure to patients and medical staff. In addition, a number of practical tips enabling operators to reduce delivered doses of radiation are described.
