A Review of Chromosome Banding in Fishes

2002 ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Sharma ◽  
N. K. Tripathi ◽  
K. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding

CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE IN CHILOCORUS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE). II. THE ASYNCHRONOUS REPLICATION OF CONSTITUTIVE HETEROCHROMATIN

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosome Replication ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Late Replication ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Asynchronous Replication ◽  
Chilocorus Stigma

Chromosome replication has been analysed in four species of Chilocorus. In C. orbus Csy., C. tricyclus Smith, and C. hexacyclus Smith, centric regions of all chromosomes are last to replicate, preceded in order by heterochromatic arms and euchromatic arms. In C. stigma Say, very late replication of centric regions can be detected only in otherwise wholly euchromatic chromosomes (= monophasics); in chromosomes with one arm heterochromatic (= diphasics), these arms are last to replicate. Based on pachytene bivalent morphology and chromosome banding patterns, and supported by autoradiographic data, models are presented for the general organisation of Chilocorus chromosomes. All chromosomes in the first three species are subdivided into euchromatic arm, centric heterochromatin, and either a second euchromatic arm (monophasics) or a heterochromatic arm (diphasics). Chilocorus stigma diphasics apparently lack distinct centric organisation, and are therefore divided into euchromatic and heterochromatic arms only.

scholarly journals Xenopus Cytogenetics and Chromosomal Evolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Krylov ◽  
Tereza Tlapakova
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Gene Localization ◽  
Physical Maps ◽  
Gene Position ◽  
Tightly Coupled

The genus Xenopus represents important model organisms in the field of developmental biology and chromosomal evolution. Developmental processes are tightly coupled with the analysis of gene function via genetic linkage and mapping. Cytogenetic techniques such as chromosome banding or FISH are essential tools for the determination of gene position and subsequently for the construction of linkage and physical maps. Here, we present a summary of key achievements in X. tropicalis and X. laevis cytogenetics with emphasis on the gene localization to chromosomes. The second part of this review is focused on the chromosomal evolution regarding both above-mentioned species. With respect to methodology, hybridization techniques such as FISH and chromosome-specific painting FISH are highlighted.

Description of chromosome banding patterns by band transition sequences

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Lundsteen ◽  
Erik Granum
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Band Transition

Rye C-banding patterns and meiotic stability of hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale) selections differing in kernel shriveling

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Papa ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
J. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Metaphase I

Two winter hexaploid triticale populations derived from the same cross were selected on the basis of grain appearance and agronomic performance. The five lines from 84LT402 showed more kernel shriveling than the four lines from 84LT401. The derived lines were analyzed for aneuploid frequencies, rye chromosome banding patterns, and meiotic stability to detect associations with kernel development. The aneuploid frequencies were 16% in 84LT401 and 18% in 84LT402. C-banding showed that both selection groups had all the rye chromosomes except 2R. The two groups had similar telomeric patterns but differed in the long-arm interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. Compared with lines from 84LT402, those from 84LT401 had significantly fewer univalents and rod bivalents, and more paired arms at metaphase I; fewer laggards and bridges at anaphase I; and a higher frequency of normal tetrads. There were no significant differences among lines within each group for any meiotic character. Since there were no differences within or between groups in telomeric banding patterns, the differences in kernel shriveling and meiotic stability might be due to genotypic factors and (or) differences in the interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. By selecting plump grains, lines with improved kernel characteristics along with improved meiotic stability are obtainable.Key words: triticale, meiotic stability, C-banding, Secale cereale, heterochromatin.

AnIn VivoGiemsa Chromosome Banding Technique

1975 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Kitchin ◽  
Eric J. Loudenslager
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Banding Technique

Mechanisms of chromosome banding

1974 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Comings ◽  
Evangelita Avelino
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding

Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXV. Highly Mobile Nucleolus Organizing Regions in Craugastor fitzingeri (Anura, Craugastoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schmid ◽  
Claus Steinlein ◽  
Wolfgang Feichtinger ◽  
Indrajit Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Somatic Tissues

A 7-year cytogenetic study on the leaf litter frog Craugastor fitzingeri from Costa Rica and Panama revealed the existence of highly mobile nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) in their genomes. Silver (Ag)-staining of the active NORs demonstrated an exceptional interindividual pattern of NOR distribution at the telomeres of the chromosomes. All individuals examined showed a different and specific NOR location in their karyotypes. Furthermore, intraindividual variation in the NOR sites was found. This observation suggested the existence of mobile NORs in C. fitzingeri. Confirmation of this phenomenon was possible by systematic FISH analysis using an 18S + 28S rDNA probe. The extremely variable number and position of the NORs in C. fitzingeri is best explained by highly mobile NORs that move freely between the telomeres of the chromosomes. These transpositions must occur preferentially in premeiotic, meiotic, or postmeiotic stages, but also at a lower incidence in the somatic tissues of the animals. It is hypothesized that transposable (mobile) elements are closely linked to the NORs or are inserted into the major 18S + 28S rDNA spacers of C. fitzingeri. When such transposable elements spread by transpositions, they can carry with them complete or partial NORs. The present study provides detailed information on various differential chromosome banding techniques, in situ hybridization experiments, chromosomal hypermethylation patterns, determination of the genome size, and analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the DNA.

Chromosome banding techniques for morphologically classified cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Knuutila ◽  
M. Keinänen
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding

scholarly journals Chromosome banding pattern in a polymorphic population of Sorex araneus from northeastern Finland

Hereditas ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIISA HALKKA ◽  
O. HALKKA ◽  
U. SKARÉN ◽  
VERONICA SÖDERLUND
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Sorex Araneus
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