Multimedia Encryption on Bitplanes of Image Using ECC on Koblitz Curves with Lopez–Dahab Projective Coordinates

In a wireless environment, multimedia transmission is often affected by the error rate; delaying; terminal’s power or bandwidth; and so forth, which brings difficulties to multimedia content protection. In the past decade, wireless multimedia protection technologies have been attracting more and more researchers. Among them, wireless multimedia encryption and watermarking are two typical topics. Wireless multimedia encryption protects multimedia content’s confidentiality in wireless networks, which emphasizes on improving the encryption efficiency and channel friendliness. Some means have been proposed, such as the format-independent encryption algorithms that are time efficient compared with traditional ciphers; the partial encryption algorithms that reduce the encrypted data volumes by leaving some information unchanged; the hardware-implemented algorithms that are more efficient than software based ones; the scalable encryption algorithms that are compliant with bandwidth changes; and the robust encryption algorithms that are compliant with error channels. Compared with wireless multimedia encryption, wireless multimedia watermarking is widely used in ownership protection, traitor tracing, content authentication, and so forth. To keep low cost, a mobile agent is used to partitioning some of the watermarking tasks. To counter transmission errors, some channel encoding methods are proposed to encode the watermark. To keep robust, some means are proposed to embed a watermark into media data of low bit rate. Based on both watermarking and encryption algorithms, some applications arise, such as secure multimedia sharing or secure multimedia distribution. In this chapter, the existing wireless multimedia encryption and watermarking algorithms are summarized according to the functionality and multimedia type; their performances are analyzed and compared; the related applications are presented; and some open issues are proposed.

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Secure Multimedia Content Distribution Based on Watermarking Technology

Multimedia Forensics and Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-869-7.ch002 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 24-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shiguo Lian

Keyword(s):

Copyright Protection ◽

The Novel ◽

Customer Information ◽

Copyright Information ◽

Multimedia Distribution ◽

Multimedia Watermarking ◽

Multimedia Content Distribution ◽

Media Data ◽

Multimedia Encryption ◽

Confidentiality Protection

Since the past decade, multimedia protection technologies have been attracting more and more researchers. Among them, multimedia encryption and watermarking are two typical ones. Multimedia encryptionen codes media data into an unintelligible form, which emphasizes on confidentiality protection. Multimedia watermarking embeds information into media data, which can be detected or extracted and used to authenticate the copyright. Traditionally, in multimedia distribution, media data are encrypted and then transmitted, while the copyright information is not considered. As an important application, to trace illegal distributors, the customer information (e.g., customer ID) is embedded into media data, which can trace illegal distributors. In this chapter, the multimedia distribution scheme based on watermarking technology is investigated, which realizes both confidentiality protection and copyright protection. Firstly, some related works, including multimedia encryption and digital watermarking, are introduced. Then, the existing watermarking-based distribution schemes are reviewed and analyzed. Furthermore, the novel scheme is proposed and evaluated. Finally, some open issues are presented.

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Nonadjacent Radix-τ Expansions of Integers in Euclidean Imaginary Quadratic Number Fields

Canadian Journal of Mathematics ◽

10.4153/cjm-2008-054-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1267-1282 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ian F. Blake ◽

V. Kumar Murty ◽

Guangwu Xu

Keyword(s):

Number Fields ◽

Quadratic Number ◽

Efficient Point ◽

Koblitz Curves ◽

Quadratic Number Fields ◽

Imaginary Quadratic Number

AbstractIn his seminal papers, Koblitz proposed curves for cryptographic use. For fast operations on these curves, these papers also initiated a study of the radix-τ expansion of integers in the number fields and . The (window) nonadjacent form of τ -expansion of integers in was first investigated by Solinas. For integers in , the nonadjacent form and the window nonadjacent form of the τ -expansion were studied. These are used for efficient point multiplications on Koblitz curves. In this paper, we complete the picture by producing the (window) nonadjacent radix-τ expansions for integers in all Euclidean imaginary quadratic number fields.

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