How to Approach Anatomical Compartment; Extradural Intracanal Tumor

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Jun Ho Lee ◽  
Chun Kee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Compartment

How to Approach Anatomical Compartment: Intradural Pial-Extrapial Tumor

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Sung Hwan Hwang ◽  
Hyun Joo Park ◽  
Chun Kee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Compartment

scholarly journals A CCL1/CCR8-dependent feed-forward mechanism drives ILC2 functions in type 2–mediated inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (12) ◽  
pp. 2763-2777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Knipfer ◽  
Anja Schulz-Kuhnt ◽  
Markus Kindermann ◽  
Vicky Greif ◽  
Cornelia Symowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Anatomical Compartment ◽  
Group 2

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) possess indispensable roles during type 2–mediated inflammatory diseases. Although their physiological and detrimental immune functions seem to depend on the anatomical compartment they reside, their tissue tropism and the molecular and immunological processes regulating the self-renewal of the local pool of ILC2s in the context of inflammation or infection are incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed the role of the CC-chemokine receptor CCR8 for the biological functions of ILC2s. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that CCR8 is in comparison to the related molecule CCR4 less important for migration of these cells. However, we found that activated mouse and human ILC2s produce the CCR8 ligand CCL1 and are a major source of CCL1 in vivo. CCL1 signaling to ILC2s regulates their proliferation and supports their capacity to protect against helminthic infections. In summary, we identify a novel chemokine receptor–dependent mechanism by which ILC2s are regulated during type 2 responses.

scholarly journals Consensus guidelines for postoperative stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases: results of an international survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Redmond ◽  
Simon S. Lo ◽  
Scott G. Soltys ◽  
Yoshiya Yamada ◽  
Igor J. Barani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Anatomical Compartment ◽  
Postoperative Spine

OBJECTIVE Although postoperative stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for spinal metastases is increasingly performed, few guidelines exist for this application. The purpose of this study is to develop consensus guidelines to promote safe and effective treatment for patients with spinal metastases. METHODS Fifteen radiation oncologists and 5 neurosurgeons, representing 19 centers in 4 countries and having a collective experience of more than 1300 postoperative spine SBRT cases, completed a 19-question survey about postoperative spine SBRT practice. Responses were defined as follows: 1) consensus: selected by ≥ 75% of respondents; 2) predominant: selected by 50% of respondents or more; and 3) controversial: no single response selected by a majority of respondents. RESULTS Consensus treatment indications included: radioresistant primary, 1–2 levels of adjacent disease, and previous radiation therapy. Contraindications included: involvement of more than 3 contiguous vertebral bodies, ASIA Grade A status (complete spinal cord injury without preservation of motor or sensory function), and postoperative Bilsky Grade 3 residual (cord compression without any CSF around the cord). For treatment planning, co-registration of the preoperative MRI and postoperative T1-weighted MRI (with or without gadolinium) and delineation of the cord on the T2-weighted MRI (and/or CT myelogram in cases of significant hardware artifact) were predominant. Consensus GTV (gross tumor volume) was the postoperative residual tumor based on MRI. Predominant CTV (clinical tumor volume) practice was to include the postoperative bed defined as the entire extent of preoperative tumor, the relevant anatomical compartment and any residual disease. Consensus was achieved with respect to not including the surgical hardware and incision in the CTV. PTV (planning tumor volume) expansion was controversial, ranging from 0 to 2 mm. The spinal cord avoidance structure was predominantly the true cord. Circumferential treatment of the epidural space and margin for paraspinal extension was controversial. Prescription doses and spinal cord tolerances based on clinical scenario, neurological compromise, and prior overlapping treatments were controversial, but reasonable ranges are presented. Fifty percent of those surveyed practiced an integrated boost to areas of residual tumor and density override for hardware within the beam path. Acceptable PTV coverage was controversial, but consensus was achieved with respect to compromising coverage to meet cord constraint and fractionation to improve coverage while meeting cord constraint. CONCLUSIONS The consensus by spinal radiosurgery experts suggests that postoperative SBRT is indicated for radioresistant primary lesions, disease confined to 1–2 vertebral levels, and/or prior overlapping radiotherapy. The GTV is the postoperative residual tumor, and the CTV is the postoperative bed defined as the entire extent of preoperative tumor and anatomical compartment plus residual disease. Hardware and scar do not need to be included in CTV. While predominant agreement was reached about treatment planning and definition of organs at risk, future investigation will be critical in better understanding areas of controversy, including whether circumferential treatment of the epidural space is necessary, management of paraspinal extension, and the optimal dose fractionation schedules.

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